Islamic organizations? educational, medical, financial and charitable services benefit millions of Egyptians each year. Scholars and policymakers alike argue that, in the process of meeting Egyptians? basic needs, this social-service provision Islamizes the population, acclimates them to the use of religiously justified violence, and aggravates sectarian attitudes. Yet authors rarely provide concrete data concerning these facilities, their history, the scope of the services provided, and the audiences they serve.

Appendix. -- Introduction. -- Deriving Hypotheses. -- Organized Islamic social activisim in modern Egypt. -- A snapshot of organized Islamic social service provision. -- Service provision and attitudinal change: an empirical test. -- Conclusion.