"The Hazaras of Afghanistan have borne the brunt of many of the destructive forces unleashed by the establishment of the Afghan monarchy in 1747. The history of their relationship with the Afghan state has been punctuated by frequent episodes of ethnic cleansing, mass dispossession, forced displacement, enslavement and social and economic exclusion ... This volume provides a fresh account of both the strategies and tactics of the Afghan state and how the Hazaras have responded to them."-- Provided by publisher.

Includes maps of: Ethnolinguistic Groups in Afghanistan; Borders of Hazarajat and Main Military Players, 1979-1984; Northern Hazarajat in Second Half of the 1980s; Conflict in Southern Hazarajat, 1983-84; Factional Control Over Hazarajat by the Late 1980s; Taliban Activities in Afghanistan in 2009.

The Afghan State and the Hazaras, 1901 -- 1978: Afghan Nationalism and Policies and Politics of Modernisation and Exclusion --Introduction -- Continuity and ruptures in the historical trajectory of the Afghan State: 1901 -- 1978 -- Ethnic and national conceptions of nationhood -- The state and ethnic power relations in Hazarajat -- Shift from Hazaras' traditional local rebellion to modern national protest -- Conclusion -- 4. The Rise and Fall of a Clerical Proto-state: Hazarajat, 1979 -- 1984 -- Introduction -- The origins of the Shura: A state within a state -- The Shura and emerging ideological and political conflicts among the Hazaras -- Civil and military structure of the Shura -- The Shura's diplomacy -- Conclusion -- 5. At the Source of Factionalism and Civil War in Hazarajat, 1981 -- 1989 -- Introduction -- The first civil war within the clergy: Islamists versus traditionalists -- The second civil war: Islamists versus Islamists The rise of the military class and its destabilising role -- Conclusion -- 6. The Shift from Internal Wars of Domination to National Struggles for Recognition: Hazaras and Ethnicisation of Politics and War in 1990s -- Introduction -- The shift from internal Hazara politics to national politics: 1989 -- 1992 -- Hezb-e Wahdat and the Mujahedin government -- Taliban, re-conquest and centralisation -- Resistance or collaboration: 1998 -- 2001 -- Conclusion -- 7. International Intervention, State-building and Ethnic Politics, 2001 -- 2016 -- Introduction -- The ideals and practices of ethnic and political pluralism, 2001 -- 2016 -- Responding to the opportunities of the post-2002 political order -- Rewarding violence in distribution of development assistance -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Revisiting the main argument of the book -- State-building as historical reconstruction. Machine generated contents note: The ethnic landscape of Afghanistan -- The modern state and ethnic politics in Afghanistan -- War-centric and state-centric explanations -- The argument and approach of this book -- The structure of this book -- 1. Ethnic and Tribal Politics in Transition from Empire to Statehood -- Introduction -- Transition from the Durrani empire to the kingdom of Kabul -- Internalisation of jehad and conquest -- The Hazaras and the Durrani rulers -- Conclusion -- 2. State-Building, Violence and Rebellions: The Period of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, 1880 -- 1901 -- Introduction -- State-building and rebellions -- Abdur Rahman Khan and the Hazaras the during the 1880s -- The Hazara War -- The aftermath of the conquest of Hazarajat -- Massacres and destructions in the course of the war -- Conclusion -- 3.