Early population flows in the Western Hemisphere / Tom D. Dillehay -- Mesoamerica / John Monaghan and Andrew R. Wyatt -- Tradition and change in the Central Andes / Jeffrey Quilter -- Portuguese and Spaniards in the age of European expansion / William D. Phillips, Jr. and Carla Rahn Phillips -- Exploration and conquest / Patricia Seed -- Colonial Brazil (1500-1822) / Hal Langfur -- Institutions of the Spanish American empire in the Hapsburg era / Susan Elizabeth Ramírez -- Indigenous peoples in colonial Spanish American society / Kevin Terraciano -- Slavery in the Americas / Franklin W. Knight -- Religion, society and culture in the colonial era / Rachel Sarah O'Toole -- Imperial rivalries and reforms / John Fisher -- The process of Spanish American independence / Jaime E. Rodriguez O. -- New nations and new citizens : political culture in nineteenth-century Mexico, Peru, and Argentina / Sarah C. Chambers -- Imperial Brazil (1822-89) / Judy Bieber -- Abolition and Afro-Latin Americans / Aline Helg -- Land, labor, production, and trade : nineteenth-century economic and social patterns / Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago -- Modernization and industrialization / Colin M. Lewis -- Practical sovereignty : the Caribbean region and the rise of US empire / Mary A. Renda -- The Mexican revolution / Adrian A. Bantjes -- Populism and developmentalism / Joel Wolfe -- The Cuban revolution / Luis Martínez-Fernández -- The national security state / David R. Mares -- Central America in upheaval / Julie A. Charlip -- Culture and society : Latin America since 1900 / Robert McKee Irwin -- Environmental history of modern Latin America / Lise Sedrez -- Women, gender, and family in Latin America, 1820-2000 / Nara Milanich -- Identity, ethnicity, and race / Peter Wade -- Social and economic impact of neoliberalism / Duncan Green.