Turkey's efforts in the Caucasus were almost entirely dependent on sea transport in the Black Sea, but once the new Russian dreadnoughts had made their appearance, Russia was able to play havoc with this essential traffic, despite the presence of the Goeben, and to make many other telling raids along the coast.

This article is located in the History of the First World War Volume 4 (REF D522 .H58 1969 V.4).