1Ambiguous concepts and porous borders / Patrick Barriot, Chantal Bismuth 1 -- Conventional weapons and CBRN weapons 1 -- 'Surgical strikes' and weapons of mass destruction 5 -- From non-proliferation to counter-proliferation 7 -- 2 Introduction to chemical weapons / Patrick Barriot, Chantal Bismuth 11 -- Chemical agents and dissemination devices 11 -- Warfare utilization of chemical agents 14 -- Terrorism and counter-terrorism 19 -- 3 Chemical weapons / Chantal Bismuth 23 -- History and doctrines 23 -- An effective threat 24 -- Limits of use and effects 24 -- Currently proven facts 27 -- Analysis of the different chemical agents utilized or currently available 29 -- Chemical munitions and their delivery methods 40 -- 4 Chemical terrorism and cyanide / Arnaud Delahaye, Frederic Baud 45 -- Products and their effects on the body 45 -- Clinical poisoning 46 -- Diagnosis of cyanide poisoning 47 -- Protection and victim decontamination 48 -- 5 Why chemical weapons were not used during World War II and the use of such weapons by terrorists / Robert L. Maynard, Timothy C. Marrs 51 -- 6 Toxins / Patrick Barriot 59 -- Ricin 59 -- Botulinum toxins 60 -- Other toxins 62 -- 7 Gulf war syndrome / Chantal Bismuth, Andreas Schaper 65 -- Risk factors 65 -- Complaints and facts 66 -- Proven facts 67 -- Infectious and parasitic pathologies 67 -- Proposed toxic pathologies 67 -- Data from previous wars 69 -- Politico-economic factors 70 -- 'Stressors' 70 -- 8 Organizational aspects of the management of large numbers of victims during a chemical or biological accident / David J. Baker, Caroline Telion, Pierre Carli 73 -- Massive destruction? The realities of managing victims from a chemical or biological accident 73 -- Properties of chemical and biological toxicants 75 -- Practical response to a terrorist attack 75 -- Specific medical and supply problems during management of vital distress during a toxic attack 77 -- Victim triage 78 -- Management of vital distress in the decontamination zone 78 -- Management and handling of victims in the decontamination zone 80 -- 9 Hospital management of chemical incident victims / Frederic Baud, Bruno Megarbane 83 -- Appendix Hospital management of chemical risk 88 -- Websites for more information, sample forms, etc. 89 -- 10 Non-conventional counter-terrorism / Chantal Bismuth, Stephen W. Borron 91 -- Is it legitimate for counter-terrorism to conduct an assault with non-conventional weapons? 92 -- 11 Introduction to biological weapons / Patrick Barriot, Chantal Bismuth 95 -- Utilization of pathogenic agents for hostile ends 96 -- Modern programs for offensive research 97 -- Political assassinations 'terrorism' and counter-terrorism 100 -- Different biological agents 101 -- Production and dissemination of pathogenic agents 102 -- Biological warfare against livestock and crops 103 -- Biological weapons: are they weapons of mass destruction? 104 -- 12 Clinical approach to pathogenic agents / Patrick Barriot 107 -- Symptoms 108 -- Pulmonary signs 110 -- Mucocutaneous signs 110 -- Neurological signs 111 -- Gastrointestinal signs 112 -- Preventive treatments 113 -- Urgent questions 113 -- 13 Variola (smallpox) / Patrick Barriot 117 -- Biological warfare and terrorism 117 -- Human and animal viruses 118 -- Contagiousness and method of propagation 119 -- Illness occurs in two forms 119 -- Battle against smallpox 120 -- Quarantine 120 -- Vaccination 120 -- Associated treatments 123 -- 14 Influenza and pneumonitis / Patrick Barriot 125 -- Influenza 125 -- Epidemic risk 127 -- Countermeasures and prevention 128 -- Avian influenza ('bird flu'): the 20 key points 129 -- Epidemic of atypical pneumonia 135 -- 15 Anthrax / Patrick Barriot 153 -- Pathophysiology 153 -- Militarization of anthrax 154 -- Anthrax booby-trapped letters 154 -- Detection, identification and decontamination 156 -- Treatment 156 -- 16 Biotechnologies: protection or threat? / Patrick Barriot 159 -- Industrial and pharmaceutical applications 161 -- Fundamental research on pathogenic agents 163 -- Biotechnologies and militarization of pathogenic agents 165 -- Biotechnologies and development of new treatments 167 -- Biotechnologies and genetic therapy 168 -- Biotechnologies and development of identification and detection systems 168 -- Risks due to this research 170 -- Biotechnologies and open societies 173 -- 17 Nuclear and radiological weapons / Patrick Barriot 177 -- First- and second-generation weapons 178 -- Third-generation weapons 180 -- Neutron bombs 180 -- Bombs with an increased penetration effect 181 -- Radiological, or dirty, bombs 181 -- Electromagnetic bomb (e bomb) 182 -- Weapons and their delivery systems 183 -- Nuclear arsenals in the world 184 -- Terrorist projects 186 -- From non-proliferation to counter-proliferation 189 -- 18 Effects of nuclear and radiological weapons on humans / Patrick Barriot 191 -- Effects of first- and second-generation weapons 192 -- Effects of third-generation weapons 195 -- Consequences of a terrorist act 196 -- Therapeutic management 198 -- Decontamination 199 -- Anti-radiation and anticontamination treatments 200 -- 19 Chinks in the armor / Patrick Barriot, Chantal Bismuth 203 -- Plans 204 -- Warning and chemical detection 205 -- Warning and biological detection 206 -- Warning and radiological detection 207 -- Group protection 207 -- Individual protection 208 -- Decontamination 211 -- Treatment 214 -- Training response teams 216 -- Exercises and simulations 216 -- Offensive and defensive research 217 -- Information management 219.