1Oil and Security: An Introduction -- 1 -- 2 A Region of Opportunities and Challenges -- 25 -- 3 A Region in Trouble -- 79 -- 4 Emerging Terrorist Threat to West and Central Africa -- 109 -- 5 A History of U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East and the Old Gulf -- 131 -- 6 Contemporary U.S. Foreign Policies in the New Gulf -- 147 -- 7 A New Framework for 21st Century U.S.-Africa Policies -- 181 -- 8 Addressing the Security Challenges of the Gulf of Guinea -- 195 -- 9 Facilitating Economic Development -- 229 -- 10 Democratization and Leadership for Good Governance -- 251 -- 11 Policy Coordination Imperative -- 273 -- Appendix Global Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption -- 303.