Part I.Islam in Russia, Past and Present: An Overview -- 1. Islam in Russia: The Historical Background -- 3 -- 2. Islam in Post-Soviet Russia: A Demographic, Geographic, Institutional, Socioeconomic, Ideological, and Political Profile -- 42 -- Part II. Identity Politics in the Russian Federation: The Islamic Factor -- 3. Evolution of Russia's Post-Soviet National Identity: The Impact of the Islamic Factor -- 127 -- 4. Evolution of Russian Federalism: The Islamic Factor -- 205 -- 5. Democratization and Multiparty Politics in Post-Soviet Russia: Impact on Muslim Political Mobilization and Participation -- 245 -- Part III. Russia and Islam: The Islamic Factor in Russia's External Relations -- 6. Evolution of Russia's Foreign Policy Perspectives in the Post-Soviet Era -- 281 -- 7. Role of Islam in Shaping Russia's Post-Soviet External Relations -- 313 -- 8. Russian Policy toward Central Asia and the Transcaucasus -- 327 -- 9. Russia's Relations with the Northern Tier Countries -- 356 -- 10. Russia's Relations with the Arab World and the Balkans -- 381 -- 11. Russian-Western Relations -- 400 -- Conclusion: Russia's Encounter with Islam -- 414 -- Impact on Identity Formation and Worldview -- 415 -- Islam, Russia, and the World -- 417 -- Russia's Impact on Muslim Identity and Aspirations -- 418 -- Impact of the Islamic Factor on Russia's Internal Evolution -- 419 -- Difficulties of Democratic Transition in Multiethnic Posttotalitarian States -- 421.