Unit ICrime and Justice in America -- 1 Justice and the American Justice Network / Chris W. Eskridge 8 -- 2 Explaining the American and Canadian Crime 'Drop' in the 1990s / Mark Ouimet 15 -- 3 Armed Americans: The Impact of Firearm Availability on National Homicide Rates / Anthony W. Hoskin 24 -- 4 Black and White Differences in the Perception of Justice / Deane C. Wiley 39 -- 5 Genetic Factors and Criminal Behavior / Jasmine A. Tehrani, Sarnoff A. Mednick 44 -- 6 Estimating Wrongful Convictions / Tony G. Poveda 49 -- 7 United States Supreme Court and the Fourth Amendment: Evolution from Warren to Post-Warren Perspectives / Jack E. Call 61 -- Unit II American Law Enforcement -- 8 Police Crackdowns / Lawrence W. Sherman 87 -- 9 Community Policing: Is It Changing the Basic Functions of Policing? Findings from a Longitudinal Study of 200+ Municipal Police Agencies / Johong Zhao, Nicholas P. Lovrich, T. Hank Robinson 93 -- 10 Police Culture, Individualism, and Community Policing: Evidence from Two Police Departments / Eugene A. Paoline, III, Stephanie M. Myers, Robert E. Worden 106 -- 11 Patrol Officers and Problem Solving: An Application of Expectancy Theory / Christina DeJong, Stephen D. Mastrofski, Roger B. Parks 124 -- 12 Citizen Complaints and Problem Officers: Examining Officer Behavior / William Terrill, John McCluskey 144 -- 13 Police Use of Deadly Force: Research and Reform / James J. Fyfe 157 -- 14 Transnational Crime: Implications for Local Law Enforcement / Kip Schlegel 166 -- Unit III American Courts -- 15 Origins and Development of Courts / Richard E. Messick 189 -- 16 Drug Court as a Sentencing Model / Gene Kassebaum, Duane K. Okamoto 197 -- 17 Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation: Two Decades of Research / Mark S. Umbreit, Robert B. Coates, Betty Vos 207 -- 18 Prosecutors Discover the Community / Brian Forst 217 -- 19 Effects of Pretrial Publicity on Jurors / Norbert L. Kerr 226 -- 20 Expectations of Privacy? Jurors' Views of Voir Dire Questions / Mary R. Rose 236 -- 21 Victim Cooperation and the Prosecution of Domestic Violence in a Specialized Court / Myrna Dawson, Ronit Dinovitzer 246 -- Unit IV American Corrections -- 22 Future of Probation: Reintroducing the Spiritual Dimension into Correctional Practice / John T. Whitehead, Michael C. Braswell 271 -- 23 Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines / Michael Tonry 289 -- 24 Prison-Based Programming: What It Can Do and Why It Is Needed / Daniel P. Mears, Sarah Lawrence, Amy L. Solomon, Michelle Waul 296 -- 25 Denial of Parole: An Inmate Perspective / Mary West-Smith, Mark R. Pogrebin, Eric D. Poole 303 -- 26 Community Supervision, Prosocial Activities, and Recidivism / Doris Layton MacKenzie, Robert Brame 315 -- 27 Race, Religion, and Support for the Death Penalty: A Research Note / Chester L. Britt 326 -- 28 Beyond Correctional Quackery: Professionalism and the Possibility of Effective Treatment / Edward J. Latessa, Francis T. Cullen, Paul Gendreau 337 -- Unit V American Juvenile Justice -- 29 Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: The Relationship of Delinquency Career Types to Adult Criminality / Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, Paul E. Tracy, James C. Howell 354 -- 30 Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement / Finn-Aage Esbensen 371 -- 31 A National Study Comparing the Environments of Boot Camps with Traditional Facilities for Juvenile Offenders / Doris Layton MacKenzie, Angela R. Gover, Gaylene Styve Armstrong, Ojmarrh Mitchell 386 -- 32 Parental Efficacy and Delinquent Behavior: Do Control and Support Matter? / John Paul Wright, Francis T. Cullen 398 -- 33 Sentencing Guidelines and the Transformation of Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century / Daniel P. Mears 413 -- 34 Moving Toward Justice for Female Juvenile Offenders in the New Millennium: Modeling Gender-Specific Policies and Programs / Barbara Bloom, Barbara Owen, Elizabeth Piper Deschenes, Jill Rosenbaum 421 -- Unit VI Future of Justice in America -- 35 Understanding and Preventing Violence / Jeffrey Roth 441 -- 36 Criminal Justice and the Future of Civil Liberties / Marvin Zalman 452 -- 37 Restoring Justice to the Community: A Realistic Goal? / Susan Sarnoff 471 -- 38 Wrongful Conviction and Public Policy: The American Society of Criminology 2001 Presidential Address / C. Ronald Huff 481 -- A Criminal Justice-Related Professional Organizations 494 -- B 100 Leading Justice System-Related Supreme Court Cases 496.