External context3 -- Intra-Alliance debate 4 -- Taxonomy of membership 6 -- 1 North Atlantic Treaty in Context 11 -- Continuity and change in European security 12 -- 'The curse of bipolarity' and the idea of a Soviet threat 14 -- Origins of the North Atlantic Treaty 18 -- 2 Membership Question and Neo-Enlargement, 1948-9 23 -- Negotiating the Treaty 24 -- Membership issue 26 -- Italy 28 -- Scandinavia 39 -- Portugal 47 -- 3 Accession of Greece and Turkey, 1947-52 62 -- Greece, Turkey and the West, 1947-51 63 -- Rise of confrontation culture 69 -- NATO strategy and adding the 'O' 72 -- Accession decision 74 -- 4 Federal Republic of Germany and NATO, 1949-55 96 -- 'German Question' from top down to bottom up 97 -- Creation of the West German state 99 -- Forward strategy and rearmament 102 -- Fall and rise of the NATO option 107 -- NATO option 111 -- 5 Spain Joins the Alliance, 1982-6 127 -- Spain, the US and NATO: the quasi-Alliance 128 -- Crisis and continuity in NATO 136 -- NATO and Spanish accession, 1976-86 139 -- Spanish decision to join NATO 145 -- External factors 162 -- Intra-Alliance debate 167 -- Taxonomy of membership 171 -- NATO in the Cold War and beyond 173.