Scope of earth-science challenges for the twenty-first century --The International Centennial Symposium: Background and objectives / Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. -- Welcoming remarks: Interdependence of nations and influence of resources estimates / H. William Menard -- Greetings from the National Academy of Sciences / Philip Handler -- Major Challenges and Opportunities for National Geoscience Programs- a Brazilian viewpoint / J.R. de Andrade Ramos -- Mineral resources for the twenty-first century: Challenges and opportunities- An Indonesian viewpoint / Soetaryo Sigit -- Problems and requirements for identifying, exploring, and developing resources -- Selected resources problems of underdeveloped nations, and suggested solutions / Samuel Bonis -- The outlook from Korea on resources for the twenty-first century / Byung Koo Hyun -- An overview of problems and requirements for identifying, exploring, and developing resources- the outlook from Venezuela / Henrique J. Lavie -- Problems and requirements for identifying, exploring, and developing resources- outlook from Egypt / G.A. Moustafa -- Opportunities and perspectives in surveying, mapping, and cartography -- Surveying: status and further development / Eliz Lundin and Carl-Olof Ternryd -- Cartography today / J.A. Villasana L. -- Satellite data systems / G. Konecny -- Opportunities and perspectives in digital mapping and automated cartography / J.M. Zarzycki -- Challenges and problems concerning energy resources -- Sufficient energy raw materials for everyone? / F. Bender -- An international view of nuclear raw materials (uranium) / J. Cameron -- Problems of energy development in India during the twenty-first century / T.N. Basu -- World oil resources: their assessment and potential for the twenty-first century / Michel Grenon -- The growing oil scarcity and the challenge of future discoveries / Ahmed Zaki Yamani -- Challenges and problems concerning mineral resources -- Organizing a national assessment of mineral resources / Carlos Ruiz F. -- Mineral industry of Pakistan / S.A. Bilgrami -- Preliminary study of mineral resources of Latin America / G.P. Salas -- Exploring and evaluating seabed resources: the experience of the Committee for Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP) / A. Johannas -- World nonfuel mineral supply: the outlook as we approach the twenty-first century / John D. Morgan -- Water and people -- Philippine water resource policies: an appraisal / Angel A. Alejandrino -- The legal and administrative implications of the hydrological cycle and water-related resources facing the twenty-first century / Guillermo J. Cano -- Droughts and floods / J.P. Bruce -- Geologic hazards -- Earthquake hazards, and requirements for their mitigation in the Andean region / A.A. Giesecke -- An earthquake research programme in Turkey / Nezihi Çanitez -- Volcano hazards-lessons learned in the eastern Caribbean / Richard S. Fiske -- The international, multidisciplinary approach to earthquake hazard reduction / Robert E. Wallace -- Assessment of earthquake prediction in seismic hazard reduction problems / Keichi Kasahara -- Urban development in relation to earthquakes, landslides, and unstable ground / I.L. Nersesov and F.F. Aptikaev -- Geologic hazards and man / John R. Rapp -- Geologic factors and the environment -- Environmental problems and geoscientific international cooperation / Martin O.C. Kursten -- Construction materials and ground water: important subjects for applied geological research in developing countries / B.P. Hageman -- Application of earth sciences to land-use problems in the United States with emphasis on the role of the U.S. Geological Survey / Donald R. Nichols -- Environmental mapping in India / M V.N. Murthy -- The Austalian approach to environmental mapping / C.S. Christian -- Sidelooking airborne radar as a tool for natural resources mapping-the Brazilian approach / O. Bittencourt -- Prospects for the future -- New opportunities for geologists / Philip H. Abelson -- Earth history as moral science / R. Trümpy.