Acquisition and Instructional Issues4 -- Philosophical Perspectives on Deafness 10 -- Metatheory, Paradigm, and Language: A Brief Introduction 20 -- Chapter 2 Language Functions and Structures 33 -- Language Functions 35 -- Language Structures 42 -- Chapter 3 Language Acquisition: A Brief Overview of Perspectives 77 -- Influences of Mental Frameworks on Language 79 -- Introspectionism 79 -- Behaviorism 80 -- Cognitivism 82 -- Sociocultural Frameworks 84 -- Theorizing Language: A Glimpse of the Vision 85 -- Behaviorist Theories 89 -- Linguistic Theories 96 -- Interactionism 104 -- Language and Thought 110 -- Language, Cognition, and Deafness: A Brief Overview 117 -- Chapter 4 Primary Language Development: Perspectives and Issues 129 -- Prelinguistic Language Development 132 -- Linguistic Development: First Word and Beyond 143 -- Comprehension-Production Issue 157 -- Linguistic Maturity: Three-World Stage and Beyond 159 -- Metacognitive Development 163 -- Language Development and Deafness: A Few Remarks 165 -- Chapter 5 Orality: Speech, Audition, and Speechreading 173 -- Classification of Speech Sounds 175 -- General Descriptions of the Oral Approaches 179 -- Aural Rehabilitation Components: Speechreading and Auditory Training/Learning 190 -- General Discussion and Research Synthesis of Speech Perception, Speech Production, and Speech Intelligibility 199 -- Research on Oralism and Students 206 -- Selected Survey Studies 225 -- Chapter 6 Signed Systems 235 -- Total Communication 237 -- Manually Coded English 238 -- Signing and the Development of English: Brief Synthesis and Recommendations for Further Research 284 -- Chapter 7 American Sign Language 295 -- General Nature of American Sign Language 300 -- Linguistic Description of ASL 305 -- Acquisition of ASL: Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Considerations 318 -- Finger Spelling in American Sign Language 328 -- Critical Period and American Sign Language 331 -- Chapter 8 Script Literacy: Development of Reading and Writing 339 -- Description of the Literacy Process 348 -- Development of Literacy: A Brief, Selective Overview 355 -- Deafness and Literacy 371 -- Research on Selected Text-based Factors 375 -- Research on Selected Reader-based Factors and Deafness 393 -- Development of Writing 405 -- Research on Written Language 411 -- Chapter 9 Bilingualism and Second Language Learning 427 -- Theoretical Models of Bilingualism 438 -- Development in L1 and L2: Similar or Different? 451 -- Bilingual Education Models 452 -- Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, and Deafness 457 -- ASL/English Debate 475 -- Bilingual Education Program for Deaf Students: Brief Description of One Model 479 -- Chapter 10 Language Instruction 489 -- Representation and Teaching/Learning Issues: A Brief Revisit 491 -- Teachability/Learnability of Language 492 -- Approaches to Language Instruction 498 -- Combined Approaches 516 -- Language Instruction and Best Method 525 -- Chapter 11 Language Assessment 537 -- General Issues of Assessment and Deafness 542 -- Characteristics of Assessment 546 -- Purposes and Types of Assessment 550 -- Controlled Methods 553 -- Free Methods 564 -- Assessment Issues for Bilingualism and Second Language Learning 573 -- Approaches to the Assessment of Bilingualism 574 -- How Do Question 587 -- Language and Communication Intervention Systems 587 -- How Well 594 -- Language and Communication Approaches 595 -- English Literacy 600 -- A Perspective on Literate Thought 607.