Fatherland and patriotism / Rifā ʻa Badawī Rafīʻ al-Tahtāwī -- An Islamic response to imperialism / Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī -- Islamic solidarity / Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī -- Islam, reason, and civilization / Shaykh Muhammad ʻAbduh -- The Caliphate and the bases of power / ʻAlī ʻAbd al-Rāziq -- India and English government / Sayyid Ahmad Khān -- The religion of reason and nature / Sayyid Ahmad Khān -- Patriotism, nationalism, and group spirit in Islam / Rashīd Ridā -- Our decline and Its causes / Amīr Shakīb Arslān -- Muslim unity and Arab unity / Sātiʻ al-Husrī -- The future of culture in Egypt / Tāhā Husayn -- The new renaissance / Hasan al-Bannā -- Islam and Arab nationalism / ʻAbd al-Rahmān al-Bazzaz -- A separate Muslim state in the subcontinent / Muhammad Iqbāl -- Nationalism and Islam / Abū-l-ʻAlā Mawdūdī -- Socialism and Islam / Shaykh Mahmūd Shaltūt -- The Third Way / Mu ʻammar al-Qadhdhāfi -- The Arab personality between past and present / Michel Aflāq -- A criticism of religious thought / Sadiq al-ʻAzm -- Islamic socialism / Mustafā Sibāʻī -- Social justice in Islam / Sayid Qutb -- The National Charter of the Algerian Popular Democratic Republic 1976 : Islam and the socialist revolution -- The concept of Islamic socialism / A. K. Brohi -- Contemporary Arab ideology / ʻAbdallāh Laroui -- Islam, reform, and the new Arab man / Hichem Djait -- Islam vs. marxism and capitalism / Mustafā Mahmūd -- Islam in secular India / Mushīr ul-Haq -- Islam and secularism / Asghar Ali Engineer -- Adaptation of Islamic jurisprudence to modern social needs / Subhī Mahmasāni -- The reinterpretation of Islam / Āsaf A. A. Fyzee -- Rights and roles of woman / Amina Wadud -- The political competence of women in Islamic law / Ahmed Zaki Yamani -- Reforming Islam and Islamic law / Muhammad Saʻid al-ʻAshmawi -- On the future of women and politics in the Arab world / Heba Raouf Ezzat -- Chronology of a struggle for equal rights / Sisters in Islam -- The debate over family law reform in Pakistan : the modernist majority report -- The debate over family law reform in Pakistan : the minority report -- Fatwa : the Islamic veil (hijab) -- Fatwas : bio-ethics -- Fatwas : human procreation -- The characteristics of Islamic economics / Āyatullāh Mahmūd Tāliqānī -- Islam and the challenge of economic development / Khurshid Ahmad -- The Islamic welfare state / M. ʻUmar Chapra -- The psychological role of Islam in economic development / Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr -- Political theory of Islam / Abū-l-ʻAla Mawdūdī -- The participation of Islamists in a non-Islamic government / Rachid Ghannouchi -- Political pluralism from an Islamic perspective / Muhammad Salim Al-Awa -- Shura and democracy / Fathi Osman -- Democracy or Shuracracy / Murad Hofmann -- Why democracy, and why now? / Abdulaziz Sachedina -- Tolerance and governance : a discourse on religion and democracy / Abdolkarim Soroush -- Compatibility : neither required nor an issue / Abid Ullah Jan -- Islamic government / Āyatullāh Rūhullāh Khumaynī -- The need for civilizational dialogue / Anwar Ibrahim -- The crisis of the Arab intellectual : traditionalism or historicism? / Abdallah Laroui -- Islamic culture in danger / Muhammad Shahrur -- On martyrdom (shahadat) / ʻAli Sharīʻatī -- Dialogue between East and West / Ayatollah Mohammad Khatami -- Reflections on Islam and the West : yesterday, today and tomorrow / Seyyed Hossein Nasr -- The poverty of fanaticism / T. J. Winter -- Jihad and the modern world / Sherman Jackson -- Jihad in the cause of God / Sayyid Qutb -- The forgotten duty / Muhammad Abdel Salam al-Farag -- Join the caravan / Abdullah al-Azzam -- Text of fatwa urging jihad against Americans / Osama Bin Laden -- The covenant of the Islamic resistance movement HAMAS -- On the political utility of using armed violence / Shaikh Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din -- We must think before we act : September 11 was a gift to the U.S. administration / Sayyid Muhammad Husain Fadlallah -- Islam and violence : our forgotten legacy / Khaled Abou El Fadl -- Fatwa : jihad -- Fatwa : terrorism -- Fatwas : suicide bombings and martyrdom -- The Arab world and the Muslims faced with their contradictions / Tariq Ramadan -- Islam and the Malay civilizational identity : tension and harmony between ethnicity and religiosity / Osman Bakar -- Islamic faith and the problem of pluralism : relations among the believers / Nurcholish Madjid -- Reason and individual reasoning / Muqtedar Khan -- Human history as divine revelation : a dialogue / Ali A. Mazrui.