Arabic grammar introduced as a foreign language : morphology, syntax, lexicon analysis
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Arabic grammar introduced as a foreign language : morphology, syntax, lexicon analysis
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Arabic language is a very derivative language. The sequence of 3 letters may give a meaning to the root but still you have no simple base verb as a free morpheme that stands by itself as a word like other languages. So, any verb must have its pronoun built-in to make sense and create a verb with full meaning. The written morphology is agglutinative and hard to analyze. For example in English, you have clear subject+ Verb + object sentence structure when you want to say I liked it but the sentence structure is not so clear in Arabic when you say A a jabani = appealed+ it-masculine+ me and then A ajabatni = appealed+ it-feminine+ me. The allomorph of the present tense verb is highly affected by the fact that vowels within the root complicates the structure. The present tense morph carries various features gender, person, number, and time. Moreover, the phon-o-morphological structure by adding other letters to the root changes the verb to causative or ergative or colored passive. By adding, for example (t) or (n), to the first core consonant will change the verb from transitive to intransitive or ergative or passive that simple. The same happens when (t) is added after the first core consonant of the root. At the same time the reading of the syllables reshape themselves in a different way when these letters are added. Deriving verbal nouns from verbs is not clear and it follows many rules. The same can be said to adjectives and it is confusing if the mechanism of forming verbs is unclear. It is essential for foreign language learners to master the mechanism of the various allomorphs of verbs (past and present)and nouns( singular and plural in relation to gender). If foreign language learners of Arabic fail to do so, it is, then, very hard to derive the verbal nouns, adjectives, and adverbs as main parts of the speech. To master the language for the advanced levels, students need to assimilate the Arabic mechanism of the verbs and their measures first. This mastery over the verbs will make it so easy to enrich and maintain the vocabulary of the advanced level as meaning, syntax, and sentence structure of the authentic patterns.
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