"Based on the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Michigan, 1991"--T.p. verso. Persian Farsi collection.

1. From Dependency to Resistance -- 2. Revolution in the Air -- 3. The First National Assembly, the Urban Councils, and the Iranian Organization of Social Democrats, 1906-1907 -- 4. Clericalism or Constitutionalism? The Clash Over the Supplementary Constitutional Laws -- 5. Journalism, Satire, and Revolution: Exposing the Conservative Clerics, Denouncing the Western Powers -- 6. Peasants, Artisans, and Fishermen: From Land Reform and Parliamentary Opposition to Town and Village Councils -- 7. The Women's Councils and the Origins of the Women's Movement in Iran -- 8. The Civil War in Azerbaijan -- 9. International and Multiethnic Solidarity: The Revolutionary Forces Reconquer Tehran -- 10. The Second National Assembly and the Formation of Political Parties: The Democrat Party and Its Organ, Iran-i Naw -- 11. Assassination, Exile, and Imperialist Pressures: The Confrontation at Atabak Park -- 12. Imperialist Intervention: The "Strangling of Persia"