"This grammar is a complete reference guide to the language of Indonesia as used by native speakers. The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Indonesian grammar. It presents the complexities of Indonesian in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, More...cross-referencing and a generous use of headings will provide readers with immediate access to the information they require. Key features: to aid clarity, all word groups and structures discussed are illustrated by natural examples of frequently used words and expressions each section can be read independently, enabling the reader to focus on a specific aspect of the language, if required all major structures of Indonesian, from words to complex sentences are described in detail common grammatical terms used are all clearly defined in an extensive glossary..." --Publisher description.

Preface(starting p. xvii) -- Glossary Of Grammatical Terms (starting p. xix) -- Introduction (starting p. 1) -- ch. 1 Words (starting p. 7) -- Notes on spelling and pronunciation (starting p. 8) -- Consonants (starting p. 8) -- Vowels (starting p. 10) -- Diphthongs (starting p. 11) -- Stress (starting p. 11) -- Sound changes in complex words (starting p. 12) -- Prefixes ber-, per-, ter- (starting p. 12) -- Prefixes meN- and peN- (starting p. 13) -- Exceptions to the rules for N (starting p. 15) -- MeN- and peN- with single-syllable bases (starting p. 17) -- Reduplicated bases with meN- and peN- (starting p. 18) -- Word-forming processes (starting p. 18) -- Full reduplication (starting p. 18) -- Reduplication without corresponding single bases (starting p. 19) -- Reduplication of nouns (starting p. 19) -- Reduplication of pronouns (starting p. 22) -- Reduplication of adjectives (starting p. 22) -- Reduplication of verbs (starting p. 23) -- Reduplication of numbers (starting p. 24) -- Partial reduplication (starting p. 24) -- Imitative reduplication (starting p. 25) -- Compounds (starting p. 26) -- Infixes (starting p. 28) -- Affixes (starting p. 29) -- Derivation of nouns (starting p. 30) -- Prefix peN- (starting p. 30) -- Prefix pe- (starting p. 32) -- Prefix per- (starting p. 33) -- Suffix -an (starting p. 33) -- Circumfix ke-...-an (starting p. 38) -- Circumfix peN-...-an (starting p. 41) -- Circumfix per-...-an (starting p. 44) -- Circumfix pe-...-an (starting p. 48) -- Suffixes -wan, -wati, -man (starting p. 48) -- Suffixes -anda, -nda (starting p. 49) -- Prefix ke- (starting p. 49) -- Prefix ter- (starting p. 50) -- Prefix pra- (starting p. 50) -- Comparison of noun-forming affixes (starting p. 50) -- Derivation of adjectives (starting p. 52) -- Prefix peN- (starting p. 52) -- Circumfix ke-...-an (starting p. 53) -- Suffixes -i, -wi, -iah (starting p. 55) -- Prefix se- (starting p. 55) -- Suffix -an (starting p. 56) -- Prefix tuna- (starting p. 57) -- Prefix antar- (starting p. 57) -- Derivation of adverbs and adjuncts (starting p. 58) -- Affixation se-...-nya with reduplicated bases (starting p. 58) -- Suffix -an with reduplicated bases (starting p. 60) -- Circumfix se-...-an with reduplicated bases (starting p. 60) -- Prefix ber- with reduplicated bases (starting p. 60) -- Derivation of numbers (starting p. 60) -- Prefix se- (starting p. 60) -- Prefix per- (starting p. 61) -- Prefix ke- (starting p. 61) -- Suffix -an (starting p. 62) -- Prefix ber- (starting p. 63) -- Circumfix ber-...-an (starting p. 64) -- Derivation of verbs (starting p. 64) -- Primary verbs (starting p. 65) -- Simple intransitive verbs (starting p. 65) -- Intransitive verbs with ber- (starting p. 65) -- Prefix ber- combined with prefix si- (starting p. 69) -- Intransitive verbs with meN- (starting p. 69) -- Comparison of simple, ber- and meN- intransitive verbs (starting p. 71) -- Transitive verb affixation (starting p. 72) -- Simple transitive verbs (starting p. 72) -- Transitive verbs with suffix -kan (starting p. 73) -- Causative -kan (starting p. 74) -- 'Instrumental' -kan (starting p. 83) -- Benefactive -kan (starting p. 84) -- Suffix -kan with two functions (starting p. 87) -- Other functions of -kan (starting p. 88) -- Optional -kan (starting p. 88) -- Transitive verbs with suffix -i (starting p. 89) -- Locative -i (starting p. 89) -- Verbs with and without -i (starting p. 96) -- Optional -i (starting p. 97) -- Locative verbs without -i (starting p. 98) -- Repetitive -i (starting p. 98) -- Suffixes -kan and -i compared (starting p. 100) -- Transitive verbs with prefix per- (starting p. 102) -- Transitive verbs with affixation per-... -kan (starting p. 105) -- Tansitive verbs with affixation per-...-i (starting p. 107) -- Secondary verbs (starting p. 108) -- Base-meN-base verbs (starting p. 108) -- Reciprocal base-meN-base verbs (starting p. 108) -- Verbs meaning 'everything/anything to do with' (starting p. 110) -- Verbs with ber-...-an (starting p. 111) -- Reciprocal ber-...-an verbs (starting p. 111) -- Random action ber-...-an verbs (starting p. 113) -- Verbs with ber-...-kan (starting p. 114) -- Verbs with prefix ter- (starting p. 116) -- Stative ter- verbs (starting p. 116) -- Accidental ter- (starting p. 117) -- Intransitive accidental ter- verbs (starting p. 118) -- Transitive accidental ter- verbs (starting p. 118) -- Abilitative ter- verbs (starting p. 120) -- Potentially ambiguous ter- verbs (starting p. 122) -- Retention and loss of suffixes with ter- verbs (starting p. 123) -- Other forms with ter- (starting p. 123) -- Verbs with circumfix ke-...-an (starting p. 124) -- Verbs with prefix ke- (starting p. 130) -- ch. 2 Phrases (starting p. 131) -- Nouns and noun phrases (starting p. 131) -- Nouns (starting p. 132) -- Noun phrases (starting p. 133) -- Demonstratives (starting p. 133) -- Quantifiers (starting p. 136) -- Numbers (starting p. 136) -- Classifiers (starting p. 138) -- Partitives (starting p. 142) -- Numbers, classifiers and partitives further comments (starting p. 145) -- Diminutives and honorifics (starting p. 145) -- Si (starting p. 146) -- Sang (starting p. 146) -- Modifying nouns (starting p. 147) -- Possessors (starting p. 148) -- Adjectives in the noun phrase (starting p. 150) -- Modifying verbs (starting p. 152) -- Attributive verbs (starting p. 153) -- Relative clauses in the noun phrase (starting p. 154) -- Adjuncts in the noun phrase (starting p. 154) -- Functions of -nya in the noun phrase (starting p. 155) -- Reflexive sendiri (starting p. 156) -- Lain and lainnya in the noun phrase (starting p. 157) -- Attributive nouns in action noun phrases (starting p. 157) -- Bahwa and supaya/agar complements in noun phrases (starting p. 159) -- Word order within the noun phrase (starting p. 160) -- Noun phrases in apposition (starting p. 162) -- Pronouns and pronoun phrases (starting p. 164) -- Demonstrative pronouns (starting p. 164) -- Personal pronouns (starting p. 164) -- Pronoun substitutes (starting p. 166) -- Third person pronouns dia and ia (starting p. 168) -- Bound forms of pronouns (starting p. 170) -- Pronouns indicating possession (starting p. 172) -- Pronouns referring to non-humans (starting p. 172) -- Personal pronoun phrases (starting p. 173) -- Demonstratives (starting p. 173) -- Relative clauses in personal pronoun phrases (starting p. 174) -- Numbers in pronoun phrases (starting p. 174) -- Reflexive sendiri (starting p. 175) -- Apposition (starting p. 175) -- Indefinite pronouns (starting p. 175) -- Number pronouns (starting p. 179) -- Adjectives and adjective phrases (starting p. 180) -- Adjectives (starting p. 180) -- Adjective phrases (starting p. 182) -- Modifying adverbs (starting p. 182) -- Comparative phrases (starting p. 183) -- Superlative phrases (starting p. 185) -- Equative phrases (starting p. 186) -- Negated adjectives (starting p. 188) -- Experiencer phrases (starting p. 188) -- Numbers and number phrases (starting p. 189) -- Cardinal numbers (starting p. 189) -- Indefinite numbers (starting p. 192) -- Prepositions and prepositional phrases (starting p. 194) -- Locative prepositions (starting p. 194) -- Other prepositions (starting p. 198) -- The predicate phrase (starting p. 201) -- Negation (starting p. 202) -- Temporal markers (starting p. 204) -- Modals (starting p. 208) -- Combinations of negative, temporal marker and modal (starting p. 208) -- Saling (starting p. 211) -- Kembali and lagi (starting p. 211) -- Reflexive phrases (starting p. 212) -- Adjuncts (starting p. 214) -- Adverbs (starting p.