Understanding action research -- Ethics -- Deciding on an area of focus -- Review of related literature -- Data collection techniques -- Data collection considerations : validity, reliability, and generalizability -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Action planning for educational change -- Writing up action research -- Evaluating action research -- Appendix A. Action research in action : a case study of Curtis Elementary School and an article critique -- Appendix B. Standard deviation and action research -- Appendix C. Displaying data visually.