Much of our awareness of Afghanistan centers on the modern political situation, but although this nation traces its origins back to 1747, the history of the country is far more ancient. Crisscrossed by natural routes connecting the Central Asian steppe and China with Iran and the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan has long been a focal point for migration and trade. It has been at the heart of a succession of powerful local kingdoms, including the Greco-Bactrains, Kushans, Ghaznavids and Ghurids, but it has also been the target of numerous invasions, for example, by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, Genghis Khan and his Mongol army in 1221 and the Soviet Union in 1979. This combination of geography and mix of peoples explains why Afghanistan is so culturally diverse. Rich in local precious metals and minerals, it has a long history of producing high-quality arts and crafts, ranging from superbly crafted metalwork to beautifully rendered Buddhist statuary and richly woven textiles. Despite its rich heritage, much of Afghanistan's archeology remains little explored and its history is relatively poorly known beyond a small number of specialists. Chronicling the country's civilizations from the early Helmand and Bactrian peoples from about 2500-2000 BC right up to the present day, this book is a fascinating introduction to the cultural history, peoples and art of this ancient region-a crossroads of the ancient world and gateway between East and West, North and South. Illustrated with views of the country's beautiful landscape, important monuments and range of ancient and modern objects, "Afghanistan: A Cultural History" presents a new and enlightening perspective on this most remarkable country.

Originally published: London : British Museum Press, 2012

Introduction: Afghanistan, the crossroads of Asia -- Prehistory -- Afghanistan under the Achaemenids -- Alexander and his successors -- The absorption of the Northern nomads -- Kushan-shahs, Huns, Hephthalites, and Turks -- Medieval Islamic dynasties -- From Mongols to Mughals -- The creation of modern Afghanistan -- Conclusion.