The Caspian Sea and International Environmental Security Game was the second annual international environmental security exercise conducted by the Center for Strategic Leadership (CSL) of the U. S. Army War College. Held at the CSL's Collins Center, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, on 16-17 November 1998, this year's exercise focused on the energy resources, geopolitics, and environmental security of the Caspian Basin. The purpose of the exercise was to examine the petroleum pipeline transport options in the context of U.S. National Security interests, and the increased importance of environmental issues to global energy production and transport, and to promote better communication, cooperation, and an understanding of the region's many issues and challenges. Participants included U.S. national security policy-makers, senior international oil company executives, academics, ambassadors or other high-level representatives from the Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Georgian, and Turkish Missions to the United States, representatives from the U.S. Departments of State, Defense, Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency, Central and European Military Commands, the Joint and Army Staffs, and 40 U.S. Army War College International Officers. The game was preceded by a plenary session with initial remarks by Mr. Bass and Mr. Vest, paper presentations from Robert Ebel, CSIS; Brian Shaw, DOE; MG Charles Wax, EUCOM J-5; RADM John Sigler, CENTCOM J-5; and John Daly, Georgetown University, and regional overviews by the ambassadors.

"July 1999"--T.p.

Foreword / Doug Campbell -- Executive summary -- Scenario summary -- Presentations and papers by U.S. representatives / Peter Bass, Gary Vest, Robert E. Ebel, Brian R. Shaw ; Summary. Regulatory baseline ; Introduction. Environmental baseline -- Environmental setting -- Regulatory setting -- international agreements and national laws/policies ; Conflict and treaties along potential oil export routes. Cooperation in Caspian Sea region ; Caspian Sea level. Tectonics -- Wind -- Estimating evaporation -- Forecasting -- Economics -- Paleogeography and radiodating -- Remote sensing -- Hydrologic balance -- Erosion related to Caspian Sea level rise -- River inputs -- Consequences of Caspian Sea level rise ; Water quality. Overview -- Land-based pollution sources -- Offshore pollution sources -- Water supply ; Nuclear setting. Reactors -- Nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear wastes ; Fisheries. Background -- Caspian Sea fisheries resources -- Historical Caspian Sea fisheries -- Aquaculture production in the Caspian Sea -- Oil production and fisheries risk -- Use of the environment as a terrorist target ; Oil and gas development. Background -- Pipeline route objections ; Environmental vulnerability.