The Gulf of Guinea is an important source of petroleum for the world market, with Nigeria being the dominant producer in this region. Nigeria's oil infrastructure has been subject to frequent attacks, causing production to be well below capacity. Moreover, investments in oil-producing infrastructure are lower than they would be in a secure environment. Oil production has been moving offshore in Nigeria. This trend is likely to continue, based on recent finds in Ghana's waters and off-shore exploratory activity in nearby nations. It is in the interests of the United States, as well as other oil importing nations, to encourage greater production and investment that would raise petroleum output in Nigeria and in the other Gulf of Guinea nations with crude oil reserves. While offshore fields have their own security issues, they are more visible from the air, yielding a potentially powerful role for aviation forces. This provides an opportunity for the U.S. Air Force to contribute to improved regional energy security through partnerships that would build local capabilities to secure offshore infrastructure. Nigeria is the most obvious partner and, despite challenges, has good reason to partner with the United States because the majority of the country's wealth lies in its hydrocarbon sector. But other alternatives are possible, such as working first with other nations in the region, such as Ghana, where governance is considerably better. The U.S. Air Force could then draw on lessons learned from such partnerships and best practices to partner with other countries in the region.

"Prepared for the United States Air Force"--T.p.

Introduction / Hydrocarbon resources and production. Oil -- Natural gas -- Other nations in the Gulf of Guinea / The security threat to Nigerian hydrocarbon production. Political and social context for the petroleum security threat -- The threat from armed groups -- Attacks on the energy industry and onshore infrastructure / Nigeria's armed forces. Army -- Air force -- Navy -- The Nigerian military response in the Niger Delta / U.S. Air Force roles in promoting energy security. Challenges to partnering with Nigeria -- A framework for partnering with Nigeria -- A modest beginning for building Nigerian capacity -- Building the Nigerian Air Force's capacity for energy security -- An attractive alternative: Ghana -- Conclusion / Appendix A: analysis of potential aerial operations -- Appendix B: perspectives of American oil companies.