Failure as a Policy Catalyst ----- From Failure to Proposal ----- From Krakow to Paris: Creation of the Proliferation Security Initiative ----- Operation of the Proliferation Security Initiative ----- Conclusion ---- Appendix.: States Endorsing the Proliferation Security Initiative Statement of Interdiction Principles as of September 10, 2010.

"June 2012."

Following a failed interdiction in late 2002, the U.S. Government decided that a new multinational approach was needed to prevent WMD proliferation shipments from reaching their intended destinations. The result was the Proliferation Security Initiative, an unprecedented "activity, not an organization" to combat WMD proliferation. This Occasional Paper explores the origins and evolution of PSI, and considers steps required to sustain and increase its counterproliferation role.