This paper will examine nanotechnology and its potential impact on the American soldier. Its goal is to create a document that is a readable, interesting and influential aid to senior policy makers. Nanotechnology will have an impact equaling or exceeding that of motorization, airpower or computers on the manner in which wars are waged. The history of nanotechnology is briefly reviewed as are the basic technological underpinnings of the science. There follows a discussion of the environmental and health implications of the array of new technologies as well as a discussion of its sustainability. The technologies, as they develop, may cause major societal changes analogous to those of the industrial revolution. The military ramifications of nanotechnology are briefly reviewed in the context of the National Defense Strategy. The paper offers recommendations and conclusions: nanotechnology will develop regardless of the wishes of ethicists or national leaders. It is virtually certain to be employed by both the United States Army as well as the enemies of the United States. If properly developed, nanotechnology can enhance the joint and expeditionary capabilities of American Forces. The goal should be to understand and influence the impact and consequences of this new technology on the soldier's environment.

"January 2005"--Cover.

Introduction -- Overview of nanotechnology -- Environment, safety and occupational health: risks and benefits -- Societal and defense implications of nanotechnology -- What lies ahead: predictions -- Recommendations -- Conclusion.