"This interdisciplinary Handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the complex security phenomenon of disinformation and offers a toolkit to counter such tactics. Disinformation used to propagate false, inexact or out of context information is today a frequently used tool of political manipulation and information warfare, both online and offline. This Handbook evidences a historical thread of continuing practices and modus operandi in overt state propaganda and covert information operations. Further, it attempts to unveil current methods used by propaganda actors, the inherent vulnerabilities they exploit in the fabric of democratic societies and, last but not least, to highlight current practices in countering disinformation and building resilient audiences. The Handbook is divided into six thematic sections. The first part provides a set of theoretical approaches to hostile influencing, disinformation and covert information operations. The second part looks at disinformation and propaganda in historical perspective offering case study analysis of disinformation, and the third focuses on providing understanding of the contemporary challenges posed by disinformation and hostile influencing. The fourth part examines information and communication practices used for countering disinformation and building resilience. The fifth part analyses specific regional experiences in countering and deterring disinformation, as well as international policy responses from transnational institutions and security practitioners. Finally, the sixth part offers a practical toolkit for practitioners to counter disinformation and hostile influencing. This handbook will be of much interest to students of national security, propaganda studies, media and communications studies, intelligence studies and International Relations in general"-- Provided by publisher.

"Routledge handbooks"-- Cover.

Part I. Theoretical Perspectives: Concepts and Definitions -- Hybrid Security Threats and the Information Domain: Concepts and Definitions / Cristina Ivan, Irena Chiru, and Rubén Arcos -- Deterrence by Denial and Resilience Building / James Pamment and Bjorn Palmertz -- Military Deception and Perception Management / James J. Wirz -- Part II. Historical Perspectives -- Cold War Active Measures / Sanshiro Hosaka -- Historical Disinformation Practices: Learning from the Russians / Randolph H. Pherson, Deanna Labriny, and Abby Diorio -- Influence Operations and the Role of Intelligence / Jan Goldman -- Asymmetrical Conflict in the Information Domain: The Case of Russia / Bjorn Palmertz and James Pamment -- Part III. Contemporary Challenges -- Disinformation: The Jihadists' New Religion / Jamil Ammar -- Digital Disinformation, Electoral Interference, and Systemic Distrust / Josephine Lukito -- A Perception Management Take on Propaganda as Political Warfare / Adrian Tudorache -- The Use and Abuse of History by Russian Embassies on Twitter: The Case of the Baltic States / Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor -- Using Mimetic and Rhetorical Theory to Critique a Disinformation Consensus: The Problem of "Personal Vigilance" / Hamilton Bean and Bryan C. Taylor -- Deepfake Disinformation: How Digital Deception and Synthetic Media Threaten National Security / Agnes Venema -- The Strategic Logic of Digital Disinformation: Offense, Defence and Deterrence in Information Warfare / H. Akin Unver and Arhan S. Ertan -- Conspiracy Theories and Unfounded Rumours in Contemporary Democracies: Beyond Truth and Trust / Ruxandra Buluc -- Cognitive Warfare: Understanding the Threat / Alina Bârgăoanu and Flavia Durach -- Part IV. Countering Disinformation and Building Resilience -- Journalistic Approaches to Information Sources, Fact-Checking, Verification and Detached Reporting / Pablo Hernández-Escayola -- A National Security Perspective on Information Leaks / Aitana Radu And Joseph Cannataci -- An Ethical Understanding of Military Strategic Communication, Public Relations, and Persuasion / Irena Chiru and Ruxandra Buluc -- Emotional Diplomacy in Times of Uncertainty and Disinformation / Tereza Capelos and Grete Krisciunaite -- Open-Source Information for Intelligence Purposes: The Challenge of Disinformation / Veli-Pekka Kivimäki -- Protective Factors Against Disinformation / Cristina Ivan -- Part V. General Trends and Regional Specificities in Countering Disinformation -- The EU Approach to Combating Disinformation: Between Censorship and the "Market for Information" / Valentin Stoian -- The Strategic Security Environment and NATO's Perspectives in Developing Effective Strategic Communications (2014-2022) / Vira Ratsiborynska -- The Baltic Experience in Countering Contemporary Russian Disinformation / Aleksandra Kuczyńska-Zonik -- The Disinformation Threat: Lessons from the Chinese Experience / Dan Dungaciu and Lucian Dumitrescu -- The Perils of Disinformation in Latin America / Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei -- Part VI: A Toolkit for Practitioners -- The Use of Discourse Analysis in Propaganda Detection and Understanding / Julian Richards -- Anticipatory Approaches to Disinformation, Warning and Supporting Technologies / Rubén Arcos and Cristina M. Arribas -- AI Technologies to Support Detection of Information Manipulation on Social Networks and Online Media: A Quick Overview / Frédérique Segond -- Wargaming Disinformation Campaigns / Roger Mason -- Conclusions -- Analysing and Assessing Disinformation and Hostile Influencing / Francois Fisher.