The initial confrontation between Union general Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate general Robert E. Lee in Virginia during the Overland Campaign has not until recently received the same degree of scrutiny as other Civil War battles. The first round of combat between the two renowned generals spanned about six weeks in May and early June 1864. The major skirmishes-Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor-rivaled any other key engagement in the war. While the strength and casualties in Grant's army remain uncontested, historians know much less about Lee's army. Nonetheless, the prevailing narrat.

Lee's army: an overview -- The initial strength of the Army of Northern Virginia -- Reinforcements to the Army of Northern Virginia during the Overland Campaign -- Casualties during the Overland Campaign: an overview -- Unit discussions, with casualty breakdowns -- First Corps: Kershaw's Division; Field's Division; Pickett's Division; Artillery -- Second Corps: Johnson's/Gordon's Division; Early's/Ramseur's Division; Rodes's Division; Artillery -- Third Corps: Heth's Division; Wilcox's Division; Anderson's/Mahone's Division; Artillery -- Cavalry Corps: Fitzhugh Lee's Division; Hampton's/Butler's Division; W.H.F. Lee's Division; Horse Artillery -- Separate commands: Hoke's Division; Breckinridge's Division; Maryland Line; miscellaneous units -- Summary and conclusions.