"In the first detailed study of its kind, Col. (Ret.) Thomas T. "Ty" Smith, known for his extensive research and writing on the U. S. Army in Texas, presents an in-depth examination of the civilian employees of the Army in the nineteenth century. Under the double eagle reflects the fact that citizens employed by the frontier Army in Texas came under the impact of two symbolic eagles. First was the eagle impressed into gilt buttons on the uniforms of the Army officers for whom they labored. Second was the double eagle twenty-dollar gold piece they often received at the pay table, especially in the ante-bellum era when all Army wages were paid in hard coin rather than paper. Those two eagles had a lasting legacy on the Texas frontier. This study finds the U. S. Army in Texas recorded issuing $3,923,747 on wages for citizen employees between 1846 and 1899. The money was significant, and Smith offers a detailed accounting, but his primary interest is in the people. After an introductory article providing an overview, historical context, and demographic profiles, the author examines post by post, the one-hundred-eleven Army forts, camps, and stations documenting a civilian employee. He provides a brief history of each post, the names of the individuals employed, and where possible the position, wage, and length of employment. Altogether 1,721 names of Army employees, as well as sample individual brief biographies demonstrating the diversity of the characters involved. Included among the names are 309 contact civilian physicians. In the appendix he offers biographies of 180 of these contract doctors who greatly contributed to the advance of medicine in Texas. This work will be of importance to historians, to the general public with an interest in Texas history or Texas medicine, and especially genealogists"-- Provided by publisher.

Posts, Camps, and Stations -- Austin -- Fort Belknap -- Belton -- Fort Bliss -- Brazos Santiago -- Brenham -- Fort Brown -- Bryan -- Buffalo Springs -- Camp Burbank -- Calvert -- Cameron -- Canton -- Carrizo (Zapata) -- Centerville -- Los Cerritos -- Fort Chadbourne -- Fort Clark -- Clarksville -- Camp Colorado -- Columbus -- Fort Concho -- Camp Cooper -- Corpus Christi -- Corsicana -- Cotton Gin -- Fort Croghan -- Dallas -- Camp Davant -- Fort Davis -- Camp Del Rio, Camp San Felipe -- Fort Duncan -- Edinburg -- Fort Elliott -- Fort Ewell -- Faver's Ranch -- Galveston -- Fort Gates -- Goliad -- Fort Graham -- Greenville -- Fort Griffin -- Fort Hancock, Camp Rice -- Helena -- Hempstead -- Houston -- Camp Hudson -- Huntsville -- Indianola -- Fort Inge -- Jefferson -- Camp Johnstone -- Kaufman -- Lampasas -- Fort Lancaster -- Camp Near Laredo -- Camp Lawson -- Livingston -- Fort Lincoln -- Camp Live Oak Creek -- Camp Lopeño -- Marshall -- Fort Mason -- Camp Mayers Spring -- Fort McIntosh -- Fort McKavett -- Fort Merrill -- Mount Pleasant -- Nacogdoches -- Palestine -- Camp at the Mouth of the Rio Pecos -- Camp Peña Colorado -- Fort Phantom Hill -- Camp El Pico -- Pilot Grove -- Port Lavaca -- Presidio -- Fort Quitman -- Fort Richardson -- Richmond -- Ringgold Barracks, Fort Ringgold -- Roma -- Camp Sabinal -- Camp Salinena -- Camp Salt Lake -- San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston -- San Antonio Arsenal -- San Antonio Quartermaster Depot -- San Antonio Subsistence Department -- San Augustine -- San Diego -- San Elizario -- San Ygnacio -- Fort Martin Scott -- Seguin -- Sherman -- Camp Stewart -- Fort Stockton -- Camp E. B. Strong -- Sulphur Springs -- Fort Terrett -- Camp Trinidad -- Tyler -- Camp Verde -- Victoria -- Waco -- Weatherford -- Wharton -- Camp Wood -- Woodland -- Fort Worth -- Appendix: Citizen Physicians, Contract Surgeons, Civilian Acting Assistant Surgeons with the U.S. Army on the Texas Frontier, 1846-1899.