There is an old, deeply rooted story about America that goes like this: Columbus “discovers” a strange continent and brings back tales of untold riches. The European empires rush over, eager to stake out as much of this astonishing “New World” as possible. Though Indigenous peoples fight back, they cannot stop the onslaught. White imperialists are destined to rule the continent, and history is an irreversible march toward Indigenous destruction. Yet as with other long-accepted origin stories, this one, too, turns out to be based in myth and distortion. In Indigenous Continent, acclaimed historian Pekka Hämäläinen presents a sweeping counternarrative that shatters the most basic assumptions about American history. Shifting our perspective away from Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, the Revolution, and other well-trodden episodes on the conventional timeline, he depicts a sovereign world of Native nations whose members, far from helpless victims of colonial violence, dominated the continent for centuries after the first European arrivals. From the Iroquois in the Northeast to the Comanches on the Plains, and from the Pueblos in the Southwest to the Cherokees in the Southeast, Native nations frequently decimated white newcomers in battle. Even as the white population exploded and colonists’ land greed grew more extravagant, Indigenous peoples flourished due to sophisticated diplomacy and leadership structures.

The world on the turtle's back --The egalitarian continent -- Blind conquests -- Terra nullius -- The Powhatan empire -- Wars at the water's edge -- The Pequots shall no more be called Pequots -- The rise of the five nations league -- Enemies of the faith -- The power of weakness -- The English as a little child -- Metacom's challenge -- Virginia's civil and uncivil wars -- The great southwestern rebellion -- Holding the line -- They smelled like alligators -- An infinity of rancherías -- Magic dogs -- Wars to the end of the world -- British America besieged -- Worldly and otherworldly wars of independence -- A second Chinese wall -- The American crucible -- Western promises -- The white devil with his mouth wide open -- The long removal era -- The Comanche ascendancy -- The Lakota shield.