The Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain brings together an international team of experts to provide an authoritative and comprehensive textbook on all aspects of pain in infants, children and youth. Divided into nine sections, the textbook analyses pain as a multifactorial problem to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of this challenging subject. Evidence-based chapters look in depth at topics ranging from the long-term effects of the pain in children, to complementary therapy in paediatric pain. Case examples and online materials including scales, worksheets, and videos are provided.

52. Child life interventions in paediatric pain.

Cover; Contents; Abbreviations; Contributors; SECTION 1 Introduction; 1. History of pain in children; 2. Prevalence and distribution of pain in children; 3. Long-term effects of early pain and injury: animal models; 4. Long-term effects of pain in children; 5. Prevention of the development and maintenance of paediatric chronic pain and disability; SECTION 2 Biological basis of paediatric pain; 6. Nociceptive signalling in the periphery and spinal cord; 7. Neuroimmune interactions and pain during postnatal development; 8. Central nociceptive pathways and descending modulation. SECTION 3 Social and psychological basis of paediatric pain9. Psychological theories and biopsychosocial models in paediatric pain; 10. Cognitive styles and processes in paediatric pain; 11. Pain in cultural and communicative contexts; 12. Families and pain; 13. Pain, social relationships, and school; 14. The effects of sex and gender on child and adolescent pain; 15. Sleep and pain in children and adolescents; SECTION 4 Pain in specific populations and diseases; 16. Pain in children with intellectual or developmental disabilities; 17. Paediatric cancer pain. 18. Pain management in major paediatric trauma and burns19. Needle procedures; 20. Procedural sedation; 21. Neuropathic pain in children; 22. Inflammatory arthritis and arthropathy; 23. Chronic pain syndromes in childhood: one trunk, many branches; 24. Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain; 25. Pain in sickle cell disease; 26. Pain and gastroenterological diseases; 27. Postoperative pain management; 28. Pain in palliative care; 29. Recurrent abdominal pain; 30. Chronic pelvic pain in children and adolescents; 31. Headaches; 32. Persisting pain in childhood medical illness. 33. Common pain problems in the outpatient setting34. Effective management of children's pain and anxiety in the emergency department; SECTION 5 Measurement of pain; 35. Neonatal and infant pain assessment; 36. Self-report: the primary source in assessment after infancy; 37. Behavioural measures of pain; 38. Biomarkers of pain: physiological indices of pain reactivity in infants and children; 39. The neurophysiological evaluation of nociceptive responses in neonates; 40. Sensory processing and neurophysiological evaluation in children. 41. Measurement of health-related quality of life and physical functionSECTION 6 Pharmacological interventions; 42. Principles of pain pharmacology in paediatrics; 43. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen; 44. Developmental pharmacology of opioids; 45. Opioids in clinical practice; 46. Interventional pain management techniques for chronic pain; 47. Topical anaesthetics and analgesics; 48. Drugs for neuropathic pain; 49. Sucrose and sweet taste; SECTION 7 Psychosocial interventions; 50. Cognitive-behavioural interventions; 51. Operant treatment.