How did Elijah Muhammad's establishment of the Nation of Islam affect the civil rights movement in the United States? Philosophers and Religious Leaders answers that question and others as it presents 200 leaders whose lives and work have greatly influenced the world we live in today.

'Abduh, Muhammad -- Abelard, Peter -- Abraham -- al-Afghani, Jamal ad-Din -- Akhenaton -- Akiba ben Joseph -- Anaximander -- Saint Anselm of Canterbury -- al-Arabi, Ibn -- Arendt, Hanna -- Aristotle -- Arjun -- Saint Athanasius -- Saint Augustine of Hippo -- Aurobindo Ghose -- Averroes -- Avicenna -- Bacon, Francis -- Baha' Allah -- Bakunin, Mikhail -- Barth, Karl -- Saint Benedict of Nursia -- Bentham, Jeremy -- Berkeley, George -- Saint Bernadette of Lourdes -- Saint Bernard of Clairvaux -- Bihbihani, Aka Sayyid Muhammad Bakir -- Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna -- Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus -- Boff, Leonardo -- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich -- Buber, Martin -- Buddha -- Burke, Edmund -- Bushnell, Horace -- Calvin, John -- Camus, Albert -- Channing, William Ellery -- Saint Columba -- Comte, Auguste -- Cone, James Hal -- Confucius -- Cranmer, Thomas -- Saint Cyril of Alexandria -- Dalai Lama -- Daly, Mary -- David -- Derrida, Jacques -- Descartes, Rene -- Dewey, John -- Diderot, Denis -- Du Bois, W.E.B. -- Durkheim, Emile -- Eddy, Mary Baker -- Einhorn, David -- Elijah -- Emerson, Ralph Waldo -- Epictetus -- Epicurus -- Erasmus, Desiderius -- Farabi, al- -- Fatimah Bint Muhammad -- Fa-tsang -- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb -- Fortune, Dion -- Foucault, Michel -- Fox, George -- Saint Francis of Assisi -- Gadamer, Hans-Georg -- Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand -- Garrison, William Lloyd -- Garvey, Marcus -- Ghazali, al- -- Gladden, Solomon Washington -- Gobind Singh -- Pope Gregory I -- Gutierrez, Gustavo -- Hallaj, al- Han-fei-tzu -- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich -- Heidegger, Martin -- Herodotus -- Herschel, Abraham Joshua -- Saint Hildegard von Bingen -- Hillel -- Hobbes, Thomas -- Hsun-tzu -- Hubbard, L. Ron -- Hume, David -- Hus, Jan -- Husserl, Edmund -- Saint Ignatius of Loyola -- Israel ben Eliezer -- James, William -- Jefferson, Thomas -- Jeremiah -- Saint Jerome -- Jesus -- Saint Joan of Arc -- Pope John XXIII -- Pope John Paul II -- Junayd, Abu al-Qasim, al- -- Kant, Immanuel -- Kaplan, Mordecai Menahem -- Keynes, John Maynard -- Khaldun, Ibn -- Khomeini, Ruhollah -- Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye -- Kindi, Yaqub ibn Ishaq as-Sabah, al- -- King, Martin Luther, Jr. -- Lao-tzu -- Lee, Ann -- Locke, John -- Luther, Martin -- Machiavelli, Niccolo -- Madhva -- Madison, James -- Maharishi Mahesh Yogi -- Mahavira -- Malcolm X -- Mani -- Mann, Horace -- Marcion -- Marcus Aurelius -- Marx, Karl -- Mary -- Matta ibn Yunus -- Melanchthon, Philipp -- Mencius -- Mill, John Stuart -- Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de -- Montesquieu, Baron de la Brede et de -- Montessori, Maria -- Moon, Sun Myung -- Saint Sir Thomas More -- Moses -- Moses ben Maimon -- Muhammad -- Muhammad, Elijah -- Nanak -- Niebuhr, Reinhold -- Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm -- Origen -- Palmer, Phoebe Worrall -- Parham, Charles Fox -- Pascal, Blaise -- Patanjali -- Saint Patrick -- Paul -- Peirce, Charles Sanders -- Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich -- Philo Judaeus -- Piaget, Jean -- Plato -- Pythagoras -- Rabi'ah al'Adawiyah -- Ramakrishna -- Ramanuja -- Rauschenbusch, Walter -- Reid, Thomas -- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques -- Roy, Ram Mohun -- Russell, Bertrand -- Russell, Charles Taze -- Sa'adia ben Joseph -- Sartre, Jean-Paul -- Savonarola, Girolamo -- Schneerson, Menachem Mendel -- Schopenhauer, Arthur -- Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton -- Shafi'i, Abu 'Abd Allah, ash- -- Shang Yang -- Shankara -- Smith, Adam -- Smith, Joseph -- Socrates of Athens -- Spinoza, Benedict de -- Stowe, Harriet Beecher -- Strong, Josiah -- Mother Teresa -- Saint Teresa of Avila -- Thales of Miletus -- Saint Thomas Aquinas -- Thoreau, Henry David -- Tillich, Paul -- Torquemada, Tomas de -- Tutu, Desmond -- Pope Urban II -- Vivekananda -- Voltaire -- Washington, Booker Taliaferro -- Wesley, John -- White, Ellen Gould -- Wise, Isaac Mayer -- Wittgenstein, Ludwig -- Wovoka -- Wycliffe, John -- Young, Brigham -- Zeno of Citium -- Zoroaster.