Principal aims of translation -- Starting out -- a framework for analysis -- The translation process -- Form and function ; Hints on procedure ; Changing content -- Accuracy -- the essence of translation -- What makes a translation accurate? ; Key words vs. props ; Identifiers -- when do we need them? ; Organizers to orient the reader ; Sense categories -- the main thrust ; Cause -- "how come ...?" ; Purpose "what for ...?" ; Contrast -- "yes, but ..." ; Negation -- "just say no?" ; Conditionality -- "what if ...?" ; Ambiguity -- not to panic! ; Cognates, false friends and true enemies ; Calques -- "may I borrow that?" ; Syntax, word order, and the message ; Discovering function through syntax; Context -- its crucial importance ; Emphasis and de-emphasis ; Intensifiers (amplifiers) ; Emphasis, or the lack of it, for easier reading; Repetition ; How to tone down a sentence -- and why ; Using modals and "modals" ; "Agenda" -- attitude/point of view/ value judgment/ implied message ; Favorable -- objective -- unfavorable ; Irony and sarcasm; Loaded words and implication ; Diminutives and augmentatives ; Diminutive forms of names ;?? or??? -; Rhetorical and pragmatic factors -- How professionals maneuver around difficulties -- Achieving readability. Russian "all-purpose" verbs ; "Body language" in metaphor and idiom ; Anglo-Saxon and phrasal verbs ; Active or passive? ; Delays and interruptions ; Adjective forms ; Some Russian sentence patterns ; Experimenting with syntax ; Verbosity -- how to avoid it; noun-verb ratio -- Correctness -- grammar and usage in English. Grammar -- the road from Russian to English ; Verb tenses and aspects; particles, connectors and conjunctions; fillers; interjections -- Names and numbers -- getting them right ; Russian and foreign names; numerical problems -- Punctuation- focusing the attention -- the comma; question marks and exclamation points; the colon; the dash; quotation marks; creative punctuation and visual arrangement -- Register -- a suitable setting -- formal or informal?; elevated rhetoric; "learned" words/ "long" words; "humanizing"; informal styles: colloquial, conversational, familiar -- Editing for clarity, ease and effect -- lexical, syntactic; Dictionaries -- in print and online; Searching ... for what? (Not a word, I hope) -- Notes on everyday Russian culture -- Sovietisms; The terminology of education -- Practice texts -- Glossary.