This review of metacognition pulls research from a wide variety of disciplines, examples, and perspectives to illustrate the far-reaching value of metacognition as a means of explaining and understanding individual differences in human cognition and leadership more effectively and coherently. A key feature of the review is to highlight how the Army has already integrated significant insight from established metacognitive research into its doctrine, publications, institutions, and programs. Metacognition is a valuable framework of human cognition and leadership that the Army can continue to rely on and expand upon as it optimizes the human performance of its personnel, carries out the institutionalization of mission command, and prepares for the anticipated operational environment of the future.

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