The US Army's planning methodologies predate The US Army in Multi-Domain Operations concept. Additionally, China and Russia have risen to become competitors in a complex and non-linear operating environment (OE). The danger now exists that the US Army could become engaged in large scale combat operations (LSCO) against a near-peer adversary with doctrine that is based on domain supremacy instead of domain parity. The contemporary and future operational environments call for exploration of new concepts, as well as the examination of historical ones, which coordinate lethal and non-lethal effects simultaneously across all domains. An evolution to both detailed and conceptual planning methodologies will improve the ability to create the cross-domain convergence required for success on the battlefield.

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