The relationship between China and Russia has varied from peace to conflict throughout the course of their history. However, since 1991 following the fall of the Soviet Union, as each nation sought for global relevance, Sino-Russian interactions have increased and relations have improved in a consistent upswing. Together, these nations are shaping a modern strategic partnership that is quickly shifting into a bona fide alliance with substantial regional influence in Asia, Africa, Eurasia, and the Middle East. The United States recognized the competitive and ideologically aligned spirit of these noted great powers in the 2017 National Security Strategy, posturing a whole-of-society approach towards protecting US national security and interests. While presenting the historical relevance of their relationships and the importance of leadership to envision and drive a strategic direction, this monograph posits that the United States should actively posture itself by advancing democracy, supporting and strengthening partnerships, and employing instruments of power in an effort to stymie authoritarian influence and desires to shift the international order.

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