This monograph examines the role of convoys to protect merchant shipping. Convoys have been a major ingredient to success in two world wars. They have also been successful in protecting shipping in modern contingency operations. Future force reductions, however, may have a significant impact on the Navy's ability to conduct convoy operations. This monograph identifies the impact that naval theorists such as Mahan and Corbett had on the United States' readiness to counter commerce raiding. It also discusses the evolution of the object of naval warfare from one dedicated to protecting shipping to that of protecting sea lanes. The Battle of the Atlantic provides insight to what extent the allies had to adapt their strategies to protect commerce. The escort operation in the Persian Gulf in the Eighties provides an example of how convoys can work in today's environment. A model is formed which helps to determine if convoys should or should not be used in future conflicts. Finally, theory, history and the analytical model are synthesized to develop an answer to the question "Are convoys obsolete?" Conclusions and implications for future operations are derived from this analysis.

ADA 243326 Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)