The U.S. Army Military Police (MP) Corps began fielding the M1117 "Guardian" Armored Security Vehicle (ASV) in Fiscal Year 2000, in order to provide MP with greater protection and firepower. Most MP officers have never employed the unique capabilities the new vehicle will bring to the modern battlefield. The ASV is the equivalent of a Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) and is well suited for wartime operations, and its presence on the battlefield will significantly improve the combat fighting capabilities of the MP. This paper focuses on ASV employment in peacekeeping (PKO) and peace enforcement operations (PEO). The U.S. has been involved in many peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions in the past, and will likely be involved in many more in the future. The characteristics of peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations however, are very different from each other. This monograph asks the question: When is it best to employ the ASV as a visible presence or as a focused presence, in order to achieve endstate objectives of peace operations? Joint Publication 3-07.3, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Peace Operations, states that the peacekeepers main function is to establish a presence, which inhibits hostile actions by the disputing parties and bolsters confidence in the peace process. What should that presence look like? Joint publications mention visible presence and overwhelming presence. Instead of overwhelming presence, this paper uses the concept of focused presence to dictate another method of employing the ASV. Visible presence is defined as an overt and continuous visibility of ASVs within the area of operations. Focused presence is defined as concentrating or massing ASVs at specific times and locations within the area of operations. Using the operational variables for peace operations of consent, degree of impartiality, and use of force; this monograph concludes that during peacekeeping operations, the best employment method is as a focused presence. Given the high level of consent, the need to maintain impartiality, and the minimum use of force required during peacekeeping, focused presence is the preferred ASV employment method. During peace enforcement operations, the preferred method is as a visible presence. The low level of consent, the low need to maintain impartiality, and the possibility of combat make visible presence the preferred method for employing the ASV.

Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)