This research focused on the vulnerability of the United States railroad system to terrorist attacks. This research of the railroad system was restricted to long-distance passenger rail (Amtrak) and freight rail. Commuter rail (subways) and Light rail were not considered. This paper examines research regarding how the United States compares in different areas on a global scale and considers options that could mitigate or increase terrorist attacks on the railroad system that is shown to be vulnerable and a primary target for terrorist attacks. The vulnerabilities and threats to passenger and freight rail and the current levels of protection for each are assessed. The paper also reviews the types of threats that could be delivered, how passenger and freight rail are most susceptible to terrorist attacks, and how terrorists could cause the maximum amount of damage and loss of life. The results of this research indicate that the present levels of protection are insufficient, additional levels of protection could be implemented, and that there is a need for contingency plans to protect the railroad system in the event a major attack occurs.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)