There is broad consensus that attention to health sector needs plays an important role in addressing the causes of state fragility, whether to avoid conflict, during conflict, or post-conflict. Based on the premise that health-related interventions during stability operations are intended to improve those health sector issues that may affect state fragility, the evidence suggests efforts to reduce child mortality rates are the most beneficial. While health outcome metrics such as the under-five mortality rate are recommended for assessing long-term effectiveness, relatively short-term military health-related interventions are likely best assessed through a shorter-term outcome metric, such as the neonatal mortality rate, and metrics that more directly measure the output of activities known to affect child mortality. These output metrics include: immunization coverage among 1-year-olds, percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel, number and quality of trained doctors and nurses, and percentage of the population using improved drinking-water sources and sanitation facilities. Importantly, these metrics are not reflective of direct-care services; rather they are consistent with fundamental public health interventions. This would suggest that a focus on military public health interventions rather than the historic tendency to provide direct care services are more likely to positively affect the desired strategic end-state.

ADA 547246 Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)