The purpose of this research was to investigate the United States Army's ability to correctly estimate and forecast the amount of ammunition it will use in combat operations. Enabling technologies of the weapons systems studied have led to a remarkable reduction in ammunition consumption in all combat operations. These weapon systems include the M1 Abrams main battle tank, M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, and multiple-launch rocket system. The technologies have greatly increased accuracy, precision munitions, survivability, and lethality. Additionally, this study describes how a shaping operation by Air Force, Navy, and multiple-launch rocket system also reduces the amount of ammunition used in combat operations. Historical data from World War II, Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom were used as part of the research tool to develop the argument and disprove the theory. The research proves that Field Manual 101-10-1/2 calculations for ammunition consumption are very high and not relevant for today's battlefield. Additionally, it provides information that historically planners have overestimated the amount of ammunition that will be used for an operation. Recommendations for future projects of this nature are made.

ADA451782 Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)