This oral history transcript has been produced from interviews with General George A. Joulwan, USA, Retired; conducted by Colonel Ben Hodges; as part of the AY 2000 U.S. Army Military History Institute's Senior Officer Oral History Program. Early Life -- West Point -- Infantry; Schweinfurt, Germany -- The Armor Officer Advanced Course -- Vietnam and the 1-26 Inf., 1st Inf. Div. -- General DePuy -- LTC Paul Gorman -- Talking Tactics with MG DePuy -- 1st Mission as Company Commander -- VC Ambush -- Attention to Detail -- Cross Reinforcing Units -- Phu Loi Battalion -- MG DePuy and Relief of Battalion Cdrs. -- Battalion S-3, 1-26 Inf. -- LTC Haig -- VIPs in Foxholes -- Other later to be GOs -- Officer Morale in the Mid-1960s -- Anticipation -- VC Regimental Base Camp -- The Battle of Ap Gu, March, 1967 -- Family -- Broadening Horizons -- ROTC at Loyola University -- Education of Officers -- CGSC June 1970 - June 1971 -- Vietnam and the 101st, June 1971 -- Vietnamization -- Deputy G-3; 101st -- West Point, Tactical Officer -- Working for GEN Haig, November 1972 -- The First 13 Years in the Army -- GEN Haig as SACEUR/CINCEUR -- Back to Troops -- Mech. Infantry Battalion Cdr. -- The New FM 100-5, 1976 -- Other New TRADOC Initiatives -- Family Support in the 1970s -- Army War College -- Cdr. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Inf. Div. -- Partnership Program -- Chief of Staff, 3rd Infantry Division -- XO for General Vessey, CJCS -- Scar Tissue -- XO for GEN Vessey, Cont. -- "Star Wars" -- Creation of Space Command & Central Command -- U.S. Marines in Beirut, 1982 -- Grenada, 1983 -- Discussing Beirut -- Providing Advice to the President -- National Security Interests in Latin America - "A Better Way of Doing Business" -- Director of Requirements, DCSOPS -- Brigadier General (P) -- USAREUR DCSOPS, Summer 1986 -- "Spearhead and Victory Corps" -- CG 3rd Armored Division -- Commanding a Division Vice a Brigade -- The Last REFORGER, 1988 -- Lessons Learned as USAREUR DCSOPS -- Council on Disarmament of Europe -- Fifth Corps Commander -- Berlin Wall Comes Down, 1989 "Moving without the Ball" -- Commander, U.S. Southern Command, 1990 -- Engagement Strategy -- Unity of Effort -- Prepared to be a CINC? -- El Salvador -- Counter-Narcotics and the U.S. Military -- Presidential Decision Directive 14 -- PLAN COLOMBIA -- Military Operations Other Than War -- Use of the Reserve Components in USSOUTHCOM -- Mr. Downie's Book -- Personal Relationships -- SOUTHCOM Moves to Miami -- Input Into the SOUTHCOM Budget Process -- Last Comments About Being CINCSOUTH - "One Team, One Mission..." -- SACEUR/CINCEUR, 1993 -- Lessons Learned From CINCSOUTH to SACEUR -- Military Advice to Political Leaders -- Organizing the Headquarters CINCEUR/SACEUR -- Issuing Guidance to Both Staffs -- Gaining Trust and Confidence in NATO -- Relationship with the North Atlantic Council -- Relationship with Chairman of the Mil. Council -- Role of the POLAD at SHAPE and EUCOM -- Partnership for Peace Program -- Talking with Junior WARSAW Pact Officers -- Showing Support for the Ambassador -- Importance of the Marshal Center -- Estimate of Africa -- A Sub-Unified Command for Africa? -- Rwanda -- The Balkans -- Monitoring UNPROFORs Operations -- NATO Obligation to Support UNPROFOR -- Mr. Kofi Anan in Bosnia -- The London Peace Conference, 1995 Ambassador Holbrooke -- Concerns over the Peace Process -- Challenges Being SACEUR/CINCEUR -- Dayton Peace Accords -- NATO As Implementer of Dayton Accords -- NATO Minister of Defense Meeting -- The Russians as Part of IFOR -- The President's Personal Involvement -- IFOR HQs in Sarajevo -- IFOR Deployment to Bosnia -- Biggest Concerns in the first 30-90 Days -- IFOR Play in the First Elections -- Proper Role for IFOR/SFOR and War Criminals -- IFOR Time Limit in Bosnia -- Impact of Balkans Mission on Unit Readiness -- Dealing with the French in the Balkans Prep. -- Value of NGOs/IGOs in the Balkans -- Civilian-military Cooperation Pamphlet -- Retrospect: Do Anything Differently? -- East Timor: A Viable Model the U.S.? -- U.S. Military Role in Homeland Defense -- Decision Making Process in a NEO -- The National Command Authority and NEOs -- Why is Israel in EUCOMs AOR? -- Operation ALLIED FORCE, Kosovo -- Long Term Peace in the Balkans -- Kosovo and Macedonia -- Strictly Peacekeeping Units? -- View on Current National Security Issues -- Impact of NATO Expansion -- Future U.S. And Russia Relationship -- Conclusion Putting Theory into Practice -- Senior Leadership -- Leader Development -- Conclusion -- Appendix A - Access Agreement General George A. Joulwan, USA, Retired --Appendix B - Bibliography.

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