Ergonomics and periodontal instrumentation -- Clinician position in relation to the treatment area -- Instrumentation grasp -- Use of dental mouth mirror -- Finger rests in the anterior sextants -- Finger rests in mandibular posterior sextants -- Finger rests in maxillary posterior sextants -- Instrument design and classification -- Technique essentials : movement and orientation to tooth surface -- Technique essentials : adaptation -- Technique essentials : instrumentation strokes -- Periodontal probes and basic probing technique -- Explorers -- Technique essentials : supragingival calculus removal -- Sickle scalers -- Technique essentials : subgingival calculus removal -- Universal curets -- Advanced probing techniques -- Area specific curets -- Specialized periodontal instruments -- Advanced techniques for root instrumentation -- Fictitious patient cases : communication and planning for success -- Concepts for instrument sharpening -- Instrument sharpening techniques -- Pain control during periodontal instrumentation -- Powered instrument design and function -- Air polishing and biofilm management -- Appendix : problem identification : difficulties in instrumentation.