"Four-character idioms, also known as chengyu, are key components of the Chinese language and culture, many conveying important lessons and social values that stretch back over 3,000 years of Chinese history. New features in this edition include: entries that employ both traditional and simplified Chinese characters, so that students may be comfortable with and recognise each, pinyin transliterations with tone marks, and a new introduction by the authors" $c Provided by Publisher.