"At the height of the Cold War, as part of an effort to weaken the Soviet Union, the United States government recruited Russian exiles in the hope that they would be a powerful weapon in the American secret war. The CIA directed these uprooted citizens to carry out propaganda, espionage, and subversion operations, but with unpredictable outcomes."-- Provided by publisher.

Tepid Supporters: Russian Anti-Communism and the German State.

Cover; Cold War Exiles and the CIA: Plotting to Free Russia; Copyright; Dedication; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Abbreviations; Note on Transliteration and Russian Names; Introduction; An Anti-Communist Troika: Russian Exiles, Americans, and Germans; The Secret War: Spy Services and the Émigrés; Piecing Together Mayhem: Methodologies; PART I: THE MANY FACES OF RUSSIAN ANTI-COMMUNISM; 1: A Fissile National Community: The Political World of Russian Émigrés; The First Wave: The Whites; The Old Socialists; The Vlasovites; The Solidarists. 2: "A Political Maze Based on the Shifting Sands": The Vlasov Movement and the Gehlen Organization in postwar GermanyOut from the Shadows; Operation Rusty and Émigré Espionage; The Specter of Betrayal; The Kremlin's Fascist; 3: Socialists and Vlasovites: War Memories and a Troubled Cross-Continental Encounter; Finding the New Russian Democrats; Historical Visions; The Narrative Comes Apart; Back to 1917; PART II: THE TRANSNATIONAL QUEST FOR RUSSIAN LIBERATION; 4: American Visions and Émigré Realities: The American Project to Unify the Russian Exiles The Classroom, the Embassy, and the EmigrationGeneral Vlasov Goes to Washington; The NTS: Revolutionary Simulation; The Fight for the Mantle of Democracy; A Monarchist Plot and a Convoluted End Game; 5: Builders and Dissectors: Émigré Unification and the Russian Question; Russia of Yesteryear; The Veil Drops: Amcomlib and the Exiles; Dissecting Russia: the Wiesbaden Conference; Prolonged Agony: The Unity Campaign Re-doubled; 6: Reluctant Chieftains: The Ascendance of the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism; Death Throes of the United Front The Munich Institute and Amcomlib Institution-BuildingRadio Liberation and the Phantom Center; The Changing Soviet Landscape; PART III: THE CIA OPERATIONAL FRONT; 7: From Revolution to Provocation: The NTS and CIA Covert Operations; Subversive Adventures; The Solidarists Divided; From Revolution to Cold War "Bogeyism"; 8: Spies, Sex, and Balloons: Émigré Activities in Divided Berlin; Stirring the Berlin Cauldron; Exile Inroads into the Soviet Bloc; Seducing the Enemy; Ninety-Nine Exile Balloons; 9: The Real Anti-Soviet Russians?: Soviet Defectors and the Cold War; Defectors: Myth and Reality Defectors as Objects of Government Planning and PhilanthropyThe Defector-Émigré Encounter; America's Defector Party; PART IV: THE END OF THE AFFAIR: The Decline of Émigré Anti-Communism; 10: "All Will Be Forgiven": The Soviet Campaign for Return to the Homeland; The Return Campaign as "Psy-Op"; The Spectacle of Return; The Struggle for Georgii Il'ich Antonov; Losing the Exiles? The Return Campaign and American Power; 11: Unreliable Allies: The German Crucible and Russian Anti-Communism; A Transnational Charm Offensive: Russian Anti-Communists and West German Elites