Front Cover -- Stem Cells and Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Description -- Key Features -- Readership -- List of Biopolymers Discussed in the Book -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Historic Perspective -- References -- Chapter 2: Stem Cells -- Introduction -- Stem Cell-Potency -- Types of Stem Cell -- Embryonic Stem Cells -- Adult Stem Cells -- Mesenchymal Stem Cells -- Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- Other Types of Adult Stem Cells -- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells -- References -- Chapter 3: Modern Ways of Obtaining Stem Cells -- Introduction -- Embryonic Stem Cells -- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells -- Adult Stem Cells -- Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- Dental Stem Cells -- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells -- Olfactory Ensheating Cells -- Biomaterials for Stem Cells -- Organoid Technology -- Potential Applications of Stem Cells -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Transdifferentiation-Changing Cell Identity -- Introduction -- In Vivo Transdifferentiation: Examples of Naturally Occurring Regeneration -- Gene Regulation During Transdifferentiation -- In Vitro Transdifferentiation -- Factors Enhancing Transdifferentiation -- Therapeutic Transdifferentiation -- Concerns and Future Perspectives Associated With Transdifferentiation -- References -- Glossary -- Chapter 5: Generation of Organs Based on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds -- Introduction -- Common Types of Scaffolds -- Construction of Cell-Free Scaffolds -- Decellularization -- Decellularization by Perfusion Through the Vasculature -- Immersion and Agitation -- Characterization of Cell-Free ECM Scaffolds -- Recellularization of Cell-Free ECM Scaffolds -- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Strategy -- Cell Sources for Organ Regeneration -- Stem Cells -- Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells. Fetal-Derived SCs as a Modern Resource of SC -- Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells -- Placenta-Derived SCs -- Umbilical Cord Blood SCs -- Examples of Generated Organs Based on Reproduction of Cell-Free ECM Scaffolds -- Bioengineered Lung -- Bioengineered Kidney -- Bioengineered Heart -- Bioengineered Pancreas -- Future Perspective and Challenges of Organ-Regeneration -- References -- Chapter 6: Introduction to Transplantology -- Introduction -- Xenografts -- Autografts -- Allografts -- Grafts Involving Artificial Biomaterials -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomaterials, Definition, Overview -- Introduction -- Biomaterial Types -- Mechanical Properties -- Strength -- Elastic Modulus, Also Known as Young's Modulus -- Hardness -- Fatigue Resistance -- High Wear Resistance -- Creep Resistance -- Osseointegration -- Surface Hydrophilicity -- Photofunctionalization -- Surface Coatings -- Implantable Materials -- Stainless Steels -- Cobalt-Chromium Alloys -- Titanium Alloys -- Ceramics -- Alumina (Al 2 O 3) -- Zirconia (ZrO 2) -- Pyrolytic Carbon -- Glass Ceramics -- Bioresorbable Materials -- Calcium Phosphate -- Polymeric Biomaterials -- Poly(methyl Methacrylate) -- Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) -- Biocomposites -- Biomaterials (Scaffolding) in Tissue Engineering -- References -- Chapter 8: Overview of Technologies Applied for Biomaterial Production -- Chapter 8.1 Overview of Technologies Applied for Biomaterial Production-3D Printing -- Introduction -- UV and Light-Sensitive Resins -- Polymer and Metal Powders: SLS/SLM Technology -- Biological Materials: Bioprinting -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8.2 Overview of Technologies Applied for Biomaterial Production-Electrospinning -- Introduction -- Conditions Affecting the Electrospinning Process -- Solution Properties and the PCL Fiber Structure-Selected Experimental Examples. References -- Chapter 9: Application of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance in 3D Modeling -- Introduction -- CT Scanner Construction -- Obtaining CT Image -- Spiral (Helical) Computer Tomography -- Multidetector Computer Tomography -- CT Contrast Agents -- Presentation of Images From the CT Study as Two Dimensional -- 3D Imaging in Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance -- Construction of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Scanner -- Obtaining a Signal in MR -- T1 and T2 Relaxation -- K Space and Image Creation in MR -- Image Acquisition in MR -- Basic Sequences Used in MR Studies -- Spin Echo Sequences -- Typical Images Used in the MR -- Fast Spin Echo Sequences -- Inversion Recovery Sequences -- Short TI Inversion Recovery -- Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) -- Gradient Echo Sequence -- The Contrast Agents Used in MRI -- 3D Reconstructions in CT and MR Examinations Applied in Modeling for 3D Printing -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10: Quality Control of Biomaterials-Overview of the Relevant Technologies -- Introduction -- Biocompatibility Evaluation of Medical Devices -- Preliminary Remarks -- Planning Biocompatibility Assessment -- Cytotoxicity Tests -- Sensitization Evaluation -- Irritation/Intracutaneous Reactivity Evaluation -- Bioavailability and Bioactivity Assessment -- Preliminary Remarks -- Bioavailability -- Bioactivity Assessment -- Acellularized Scaffolds -- Gene Activated Matrix -- The Risk of Cancerogenesis -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11: Methods of Biomaterial-Aided Cell or Drug Delivery: Extracellular Matrix Proteins as Biomaterials -- Introduction -- Collagen Proteins-Characteristics -- Collagen Proteins-Synthesis and Assembly -- Collagen Protein Degradation -- The Method of Obtaining Collagen Proteins as Biomaterials. Collagen Proteins as Biomaterials-Advantages -- Collagen Proteins as Biomaterials-Disadvantages -- Collagen Proteins as Biomaterials-Modifications -- Collagen Proteins in Drug Delivery Techniques -- The Perspective of Application of Collagen Proteins -- Methods of Biomaterial-Aided Cell or Drug Delivery-Glycosaminoglycans as Biomaterials -- Division, Similarities, and Differences -- Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate -- Heparan Sulfates (HS) and Heparins -- Keratan Sulfate -- Hyaluronic Acid -- Summary-Application of GAGs -- References -- Chapter 12: Examples of Successful Biomaterial-Based Artificial Tissues-Artificial Corneas -- Introduction -- Surgery Proceedings -- Artificial Cornea Concept -- KPro-Keratoprosthesis -- OOKP-Osteoodontokeratoprosthesis -- OKP-Osteokeratoprosthesis -- AlphaCor -- Indications for Artificial Cornea Transplantation -- Differences Between Artificial Corneas and Bioengineered Corneas -- Holoclar-The Bioengineered Corneal Epithelium -- LinkCor® Bioengineered Cornea -- Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 13: Successful Biomaterial-Based Artificial Organ-Updates on Artificial Blood Vessels -- Introduction -- Scaffolds, Vascular Cells, and Their Interactions -- Selection of the Scaffold Material -- Bioengineered Vascular Scaffolds -- Impact of Fiber Diameter, Alignment, and Pore Size -- Ex Vivo Behavior of the Constituent Vascular Cells -- Impact of the Biomaterial Constituents -- Decellularized Vascular Scaffolds -- Scaffolds From Natural Polymeric Biomaterials -- Polymeric Scaffolds -- Methods of Generating Biocompatible Vascular Scaffolds -- Auto/Allo/Genografts -- Electrospinning in Two and Three Dimensions -- Silk-Based Biomaterial -- Silk-Based Electrospun Tubular Scaffolds -- Electrospun Silk-Based Fibers -- 3D Printing -- Structural Remodeling of the Scaffolds During Tissue Development. Scaffold Repopulation by Surrounding Vascular Endothelium -- Impact of Matrix Turnover: ECM Production and Scaffold Degradation -- Future Perspectives and Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.