Taking a urological history -- Male genital examination -- Female genital examination -- Urological investigations -- The patient with abdominal pain -- Urolithiasis -- Renal failure -- Lower urinary tract symptoms in male and female patients -- Urinary incontinence -- Neuropathic bladder -- Urinary tract infections -- Scrotal swelling and pain -- Male infertility -- Erectile dysfunction -- Urological malignancies -- Haematuria -- Common urological conditions in childhood -- Urinary tract trauma including spinal cord injury -- Urological procedures and equipment.