Fifty years after his death, Stalin remains a figure of powerful and dark fascination. The almost unfathomable scale of his crimesas many as 20 million Soviets died in his purges and infamous Gulaghas given him the lasting distinction as a personification of evil in the twentieth century. But though the facts of Stalins reign are well known, this remarkable biography reveals a Stalin we have never seen before as it illuminates the vast foundationhuman, psychological and physicalthat supported and encouraged him, the men and women who did his bidding, lived in fear of him and, more often than not, were betrayed by him. In a seamless meshing of exhaustive research, brilliant synthesis and narrative élan, Simon Sebag Montefiore chronicles the life and lives of Stalins court from the time of his acclamation as leader in 1929, five years after Lenins death, until his own death in 1953 at the age of seventy-three. Through the lens of personalityStalins as well as those of his most notorious henchmen, Molotov, Beria and Yezhov among themthe author sheds new light on the oligarchy that attempted to create a new world by exterminating the old. He gives us the details of their quotidian and monstrous lives: Stalins favorites in music, movies, literature (Hemmingway, The Forsyte Saga and The Last of the Mohicans were at the top of his list), food and history (he took Ivan the Terrible as his role model and swore by Lenins dictum, A revolution without firing squads is meaningless). We see him among his courtiers, his informal but deadly game of power playedout at dinners and parties at Black Sea villas and in the apartments of the Kremlin. We see the debauchery, paranoia and cravenness that ruled the lives of Stalins inner court, and we see how the dictator played them one against the other in order to hone the awful efficiency of his killing machine. With stunning attention to detail, Montefiore documents the crimes, small and large, of all the members of Stalins court. And he traces the intricate and shifting web of their relationships as the relative warmth of Stalins rule in the early 1930s gives way to the Great Terror of the late 1930s, the upheaval of World War II (there has never been as acute an account of Stalins meeting at Yalta with Churchill and Roosevelt) and the horrific postwar years when he terrorized his closest associates as unrelentingly as he did the rest of his country. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar gives an unprecedented understanding of Stalins dictatorship, and, as well, a Stalin as human and complicated as he is brutal. It is a galvanizing portrait: razor-sharp, sensitive and unforgiving.

Originally published: London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003.

Prologue: The holiday dinner: 8 November 1932. -- That wonderful time: Stalin and Nadya, 1878-1932. The Georgian and the schoolgirl ; The Kremlin family ; The charmer ; Famine and the country set ; Holidays and hell: the Politburo at the seaside ; Trains full of corpses ; Stalin the intellectual. -- The jolly fellows: Stalin and Kirov, 1932-1934. The funeral ; The omnipotent widower and his loving family: Sergo the Bolshevik prince ; Spoiled victory: Kirov, the plot and the Seventeenth Congress ; Assassination of the favourite. -- On the brink, 1934-1936. "I'm orphaned": the connoisseur of funerals ; A secret friendship: The rose of Novgorod ; The dwarf rises; Casanova falls ; The tsar rides the Metro ; Take your partners; Mount your prisoners. -- Slaughter: Yezhov the poison dwarf, 1937-1938. The executioner: Beria's poison and Bukharin's dosage ; Sergo: death of a "perfect Bolshevik" ; The Massacre of generals, fall of Yagoda, and death of a mother ; Blood bath by numbers ; "The blackberry" at work and play ; Bloody shirtsleeves ; Social life in the Terror. -- Slaughter: Beria arrives, 1938-1939. Stalin's Jewesses and the family in danger ; Beria and the weariness of hangmen ; The tragedy and depravity of the Yezhovs ; Death of the Stalin family: a strange proposal and the housekeeper. -- "The great game": Hitler and Stalin, 1939-1941. The carve-up of Europe: Molotov, Ribbentrop and Stalin's Jewish question ; The murder of the wives ; Molotov cocktails: the Winter War and Kulik's wife ; Molotov meets Hitler: brinkmanship and delusion ; The countdown: 22 June 1941. -- War: the bungling genius, 1941-1942. Optimism and breakdown ; "Ferocious as a dog": Zhdanov and the Siege of Leningrad ; "Can you hold Moscow?" ; Molotov in London, Mekhlis in the Crimea, Khrushchev in collapse ; Churchill visits Stalin: Marlborough vs. Wellington ; Stalingrad and the Caucasus: Beria and Kaganovich at war. -- War: the triumphant genius, 1942-1945. The Supremo of Stalingrad ; Sons and daughters: Stalin and the Politburo's children at war ; Stalin's song contest ; Teheran: Roosevelt and Stalin ; The swaggering conqueror: Yalta and Berlin. -- The dangerous game of succession, 1945-1949. The bomb ; Beria: potentate, husband, father, lover, killer, rapist ; A night in the nocturnal life of Joseph Vissarionovich: tyranny by movies and dinners ; Molotov's chance: "You'll do anything when you're drunk!" ; Zhdanov the heir and Abakumov's bloody carpet ; The eclipse of Zhukov and the looters of Europe: the Imperial Elite ; "The Zionists have pulled one over you!" ; A lonely old man on holiday ; Two strange deaths: the Yiddish actor and heir apparent. -- The lame tiger, 1949-1953. Mrs. Molotov's arrest ; Murder and marriage: the Leningrad case ; Mao, Stalin's birthday and the Korean War ; The Midget and the killer doctors: Beat, beat and beat again! ; Blind kittens and hippopotamuses: the destruction of the Old Guard ; "I did him in!": the patient and his trembling doctors.