From the publisher. 'Apartheid', the oppressive and brutal system of racial discrimination, was practised throughout South Africa during the second half of the twentieth century. This form of racism was hotly debated both locally and globally and aroused the attention and opposition of world opinion. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid examines the history of South Africa throughout the period of apartheid, starting with the institution of the policy when the Nationalists came to power in 1948, through mounting opposition in the 1970s and 1980s, to its eventual collapse in the 1990s. In this thoroughly revised and expanded second edition, the book has been updated to include economic and political developments in South Africa right up to 2010, and examines the huge impact that apartheid has had on the history of South Africa since 1994. In their comprehensive coverage, Clark and Worger: chart the complete history of the apartheid regime; highlight the internal contradictions of white supremacy; demonstrate how black opposition finally brought an end to white minority rule; include documents that provide insight into the minds of those who formulated and those who fought against apartheid; discuss the legacy of apartheid. Fully illustrated with additional figures and tables, an updated bibliography and a comprehensive description of online resources available, this book provides students and researchers with the most up-to-date and succinct introduction to the ideology and practice of apartheid in South Africa.

Part 1. Setting the scene -- 1. Introduction -- Historiography -- 2. Historical background -- The peoples of South Africa -- The creation of South Africa : the South African war and its aftermath -- Union and segregation -- The African response -- The rise of Afrikanerdom -- Part 2. Analysis -- 3. The basis of apartheid -- Why apartheid? -- The implementation of apartheid -- Early apartheid legislation -- Challenge and repression -- The 'grand apartheid' solution -- 4. Growing contradictions -- The impact of apartheid -- The failure of grand apartheid -- Essential workers : the failure of labor control -- Bantu education and black consciousness -- The apartheid police state -- The total strategy -- From failure to reform? : the 1983 constitution -- 5. The collapse of apartheid -- Reform and repression -- Insurrection -- Negotiation -- Part 3. Assessment -- 6. The legacy of apartheid -- Part 4. Documents -- Manifesto of the ANC youth league, 1944 -- Verwoerd explains apartheid, 1950 -- Mandela speaks on the need to challenge apartheid, 1953 -- The Freedom charter, 1955 -- Frances Baard describes how women organized to protest the pass laws, 1956 -- Stephen Biko explains 'black consciousness,' 1971 -- Dan Montisi testifies as to the origins of the Soweto uprising, 1976 -- Dan Montisis is tortured by the police, 1977 -- An ordinary policeman explains his involvement in the killing of Stephen Biko, 1977 -- F.W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the ANC and the freeing of Mandela, 1990 -- Eugene de Kock talks about killing people, 1990 -- Nelson Mandela cautions that the struggle for freedom remains to be won, 1990 -- Mandela speaks of freedom attained, at his inauguration as president of South Africa, 1994.