Military commanders have long recognized the importance of the interrelationship between the individual soldier and his peer group. The bond between the individual and his group helps both to determine the soldier's willingness to fight for his group and to protect the soldier against psychological breakdown in combat. The purposes of this symposium were: (1) to present some of the current research of morale, motivation, and cohesion in military units; and (2) to examine particular programs in the Armed Forces of the United States, Canada, Israel, and Germany. National programs, viewed with respect to the uniqueness of the cultures and societies, and how the nations develop motivation and morale of their personnel, are discussed.