"The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications puts the spotlight on the critical importance of water's role in future sustainability. Clearly written and user-friendly, this timely revision builds on the remarkable success of the first edition by updating, reorganizing, and revising the original to include the latest information and research results. The common thread woven through the fabric of this presentation is water resource utilization and its protection. It covers topics such as water sources, water hydraulics, chemistry, biology/microbiology, ecology, water quality, pollution, biomonitoring, sampling, testing, reuse, and treatment. The author examines the impact of human use, misuse, and reuse of fresh water and wastewater on the overall water supply." "Authoritative, informative, and up to date, the book blends real-world experience with theoretical models. This work provides the valuable insight all water/wastewater practitioners need and includes important information for policymakers and anyone else tasked with making decisions concerning water resource utilization."--Jacket.

1. Introduction -- Still water -- Setting the stage -- Historical perspective -- 2. All about water -- How special, strange, and different is water? -- Characteristics of water -- Inflammable air + vital air = water -- Just two H's and one O -- Somewhere between 0 and 105 degrees -- Water's physical properties --Capillary action -- The water cycle -- Specific water movements -- Q and Q factors -- Sources of water -- Watershed protection -- Water quality impact -- Watershed protection and regulations -- A Watershed Protection Plan -- Reservoir management practices -- Potable water source -- Potable water -- Key definitions -- Surface water-- Location! -- how readily available is potable water? -- Advantages and disadvantages of surface water -- Surface water hydrology -- Raw water storage -- Surface water intakes -- Surface-water screens -- Surface-water quality -- Groundwater supply -- Aquifers -- Groundwater quality -- GUDISW -- Well systems -- Well site requirements -- Type of wells -- Shallow wells -- Dug wells -- Driven wells -- Bored wells -- Deep wells -- Jetted wells -- Drilled wells -- Components of a well -- Well casing -- Grout -- Well pad -- Sanitary seal -- Well screen -- Casing vent -- Drop pipe -- Miscellaneous well components -- Well evaluation -- Well pumps -- Routine operation and recordkeeping requirements -- Well log -- Well maintenance -- Well abandonment -- Water use. 3. Water hydraulics -- Terminology -- What is water hydraulics? -- Stevin's Law -- Properties of water -- Density and specific gravity -- Force and pressure -- Hydrostatic pressure -- Effects of water under pressure -- Static head -- Friction head -- Velocity head -- Total dynamic head (Total system head) -- Pressure/head -- Head/pressure -- Flow/discharge rate : water in motion -- Area/velocity -- Pressure/ velocity -- Piezometric surface and Bernoulli's Theorem -- Conservation of energy -- Energy head -- Piezometric surface -- Head loss -- Hydraulic grade line -- Bernoulli's Equation -- Hydraulic machines (pumps) -- Pumping hydraulics -- Well and wet well hydraulics -- Friction head loss -- Flow in pipelines -- Pipe and open flow basics -- C factor -- Slope -- Minor head loss -- Basic pumping hydraulics -- Piping -- Piping networks -- Energy losses in pipe networks -- Pipes in series -- Pipes in parallel -- Open-channel flow -- Laminar and turbulent flow -- Uniform and varied flow -- Critical flow -- Parameters used in open-channel flow -- Hydraulic radius -- Hydraulic depth -- Slope (S) -- Calculations -- Flow measurement -- Basis of traditional flow measurement -- Flow measuring devices -- Flowmeters -- Orifice -- Venturi -- Nozzle -- Pitot tube -- Magnetic -- Ultrasonic -- Time-of-flight -- Doppler-type -- Velocity -- Positive-displacement -- Open-channel flow measurement -- Weirs -- Flumes -- 4. Water chemistry -- Miscible -- Solubility -- Suspension -- Sediment -- Particles -- Solids -- Emulsion -- Ion -- Mass concentration -- Chemistry fundamentals -- Matter -- The content of matter : the Elements -- Compound substances -- Water solutions -- Water constituents -- Solids -- Turbidity -- Color -- Dissolved oxygen (DO) -- Metals -- Organic matter -- Inorganic matter -- Acids -- Bases -- Salts -- pH -- Common water measurements -- Alkalinity -- Water temperature -- Specific conductance -- Hardness -- Water treatment chemicals -- Disinfection -- Coagulation -- Taste and odor removal -- Water softening -- Recarbonation -- Ion exchange softening -- Scaling and corrosion control -- Drinking water parameters : chemical -- Organics -- Synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) -- Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) -- Total dissolved solids (TDS) -- Fluorides -- Heavy metals -- Nutrients. 5. Water biology -- Biology/Microbiology : what is it? -- Water microorganisms -- Classification -- Differentiation -- The cell -- Types of cells -- Bacteria -- Structure of bacterial cell -- Capsules -- Flagella -- Cell wall -- Plasma membrane (cytoplasmic membrane) -- Cytoplasm -- Mesosome -- Nucleoid (nuclear body or region) -- Ribosomes -- Inclusions -- Bacterial growth factors -- Destruction of bacteria -- Waterborne bacteria -- Protozoa -- Microscopic crustaceans -- Viruses -- Algae -- Fungi -- Microbiological processes/aspects -- Pathogenic protozoa -- Giardia -- Giardiasis -- Cryptosporidium -- Cryptosporidiosis -- Cyclospora -- 6. Water ecology -- Setting the stage -- Key definitions -- Levels of organization -- Ecosystem -- Biogeochemical cycles -- Carbon cycle -- Nitrogen cycle -- Sulfur cycle -- Phosphorus cycle -- Energy flow in the ecosystem -- Food chain efficiency -- Ecological pyramids -- Productivity -- Population ecology -- Steam genesis and structure -- Water flow in a stream -- Stream water discharge -- Transport of material -- Characteristics of stream channels -- Stream profiles -- Sinuosity -- Bars, riffles, and pools -- The floodplain -- Adaptations to stream current -- Benthic life : an overview -- Benthic plants and animals -- Benthic macroinvertebrates -- Macroinvertebrates and the food web -- Insect macroinvertebrates -- Mayflies (order : Ephemeroptera) -- Stoneflies (order : Plecoptera) -- Caddisflies (order : Trichoptera) -- True flies (order : Diptera) -- Beetles (order : Coleoptera) -- Water strider ("Jesus bugs" ; order : Hemiptera) -- Alderflies and dobsonflies (order : Megaloptera) -- Dragonflies and damselflies (order : Odonata) -- Noninsect macroinvertebrates -- Oligochaeta (family Tuificidae, genus Tubifex) -- Hirudinea (leeches) -- Gastropoda (lung-breathing snail. 7. Water pollution -- Sources of contaminants -- Radionuclides -- By-products of chlorine -- Total trihalomethane -- Public health concerns -- Existing regulations -- Information collection rule -- Groundwater rule -- Filter backwash recycling -- Opportunities for public involvement -- Flocculants -- Groundwater contamination -- Underdground storage tanks -- MTBE -- Recommendations for state or public water supplies -- Industrial wastes -- Septic tanks -- Landfills -- Agriculture -- Saltwater intrusion -- Other sources of groundwater contamination -- Self-purification of streams -- Balancing the "aquarium" -- Sources of stream pollution -- 8. Environmental biomonitoring, sampling, and testing -- Biotic index (streams) -- Benthic macroinvertebrate biotic index -- Metrics within the benthic macroinvertebrates -- Biological sampling -- Sampling stations -- Sample collection -- Macroinvertebrate sampling equipment -- Macroinvertebrate sampling : rocky-bottom streams -- Muddy-bottom streams -- Sampling devices -- Dissolved oxygen and temperature monitor -- The Winkler DO with azide modification method -- Sampling nets -- Sediment samplers (dredges) -- Plankton sampler -- Secchi disk -- Bottom line on biological sampling -- Water quality monitoring (drinking water) -- Is the water good or bad? -- State water quality standards programs -- Designing a water quality monitoring program -- General preparation and sampling considerations -- Acid wash procedures -- Sample preservation and storage -- Standardization of methods -- Test methods (water) -- Titrimetric methods -- Colorimetric -- Visual methods -- Electronic methods -- Dissolved oxygen testing -- Biochemical oxygen demand testing -- Temperature measurement -- Hardness measurement -- pH measurement -- Turbidity measurement -- Orthophosphate measurement -- Nitrates measurement -- Solids measurement -- Conductivity testing -- Total alkalinity -- Fecal coliform bacteria testing -- Apparent color testing/analysis -- Odor analysis of water -- Chlorine residual testing/analysis -- Fluorides. 9. Water treatment -- Introduction -- Dr. John Snow -- Cholera -- Flashback to 1854 London -- Pump handle removal : to water treatment (disinfection) -- Conventional water treatment -- Waterworks operators -- Purpose of water treatment -- Stages of water treatment -- Pretreatment -- Aeration -- Screening -- Chemical addition -- Chemical solutions -- Chemical feeders -- Chemical feeder calibration -- Iron and manganese removal -- Hardness treatment -- Hardness calculation -- Corrosion control -- Coagulation -- Jar testing procedure -- Flocculation -- Sedimentation -- Filtration -- Slow sand filters -- Rapid sand filters -- Pressure filter systems -- Diatomaceous earth filters -- Direct filtration -- Alternate filters -- Disinfection -- Chlorination -- Chlorine chemistry -- Breakpoint chlorination -- Gas chlorination -- Hypochlorination -- Determining chlorine dosage -- 10. Water treatment calculations -- Water source and storage calculations -- Well drawdown -- Well yield -- Specific yield -- Well casing disinfection -- Deep-well turbine pump calculations -- Vertical turbine pump calculations -- Water storage calculations -- Copper sulfate dosing -- Coagulation, mixing, and flocculation calculations -- Chamber and basin volume calculations -- Detention time -- Determining dry chemical feeder setting, lb/day -- Determining chemical solution feeder setting, gpd -- Determining chemical solution feeder setting, mL/min -- Determining percent of solutions -- Determining percent strength of liquid solutions -- Determining percent strength of mixed solutions -- Dry chemical feeder calibration -- Solution chemical feeder calibration -- determining chemical usage -- Paddle flocculator calculations -- Sedimentation calculations -- Tank volume calculations -- Detention time -- Surface overflow rate -- Mean flow velocity -- Weir loading rate (weir overflow rate) -- Percent settled biosolids -- Determining lime dosage -- Particle settling (sedimentation) -- Overflow rate (sedimentation) -- Walter filtration calculations -- Flow rate through a filter -- Filtration rate -- Unit filter run volume -- Backwash rate -- Percent mudball volume -- Filter bed expansion -- Filter loading rate -- Horizontal washwater troughs -- filter efficiency -- Water chlorination calculations -- Chlorine disinfection -- determining chlorine dosage (feed rate) -- Calculating chlorine dose, demand, and residual -- Breakpoint chlorination calculations -- Dry hypochlorite -- Liquid hypochlorite -- Chemical use calculations -- Chlorination chemistry.