unit 1. Older adults and gerontic occupational therapy. 1. A historical outlook : Gerontic occupational therapy: a definition ; Historical perspectives -- 2. Conceptual models, demographics, life development, and occupational activities : Conceptual models useful in gerontic occupational therapy ; Demographics of the current and the projected elderly population ; Life development in the later years: theories of aging and development ; Work, retirement, recreational, and leisure activities -- 3. Problems arising in caring for the elderly : Abuse and abandonment ; Caregiver needs -- 4. Wellness : New implications for occupational therapy in developing well elderly programs ; Alternative approaches in gerontic occupational therapy ; The community-based occupational therapist as a services coordinator ; The occupational therapist as ergonomist and environmental specialist ; The home environment as an area of concern in the community ; The occupational therapist as home safety consultant ; Occupational therapists collaborating with architects regarding housing and institutional needs -- Unit 1 references -- Case studies 1 and 2. unit 2. Life span changes and the elderly, death, and dying. 5. Biological, psychosocial, and cognitive considerations in aging : The biological factor ; The gene revolution in medicine ; The cardiovascular system ; Heart disease and related conditions ; The central nervous system ; The sensory system and the aging process ; The genitourinary and reproductive systems ; The pulmonary/respiratory system ; The gastrointestinal system ; The somatosensory system (touch and pain) ; The muscular system ; The skeletal system -- 6. Mental health concerns : Mental health and psychosocial disorders in older adults ; Late life depression ; Dementia syndrome of depression (pseudodementia) ; Somatization (formerly known as hypochondriacal neurosis) ; Alcohol abuse ; Schizophrenia ; Anxiety ; Summary -- 7. Drugs and the elderly : Drugs, safe drug management, and the elderly ; Revolution in the drug industry -- 8. Death, dying, and interventional strategies with the elderly : Death, dying, the hospice movement, and caring for the terminally ill older adult ; Philosophical considerations involving death ; Euthanasia ; Hospice: the early years and present history ; The role of occupational therapy in hospice ; Unit 2 references -- Case studies 3 and 4. unit 3. Occupational therapy work settings, documentation, and intervention approaches. 9. Work settings : Hospice ; Acute care services ; Rehabilitation settings ; Subacute setting ; Long-term care ; Respite care ; Acute psychiatric care ; Long-term psychiatric facilities ; Adult day care ; Home health care ; Senior center programs ; Continuing care retirement communities ; Summary -- 10. Work positions : The employee ; The consultant ; The private contractor ; The private practitioner ; The pros and cons of self-employment ; Marketing occupational therapy services ; The clinician as manager -- 11. Cultural considerations : Cultural competency ; Cultural communication and occupational therapy -- 12. Documentation : The evaluation ; The intervention plan ; The initial contact note ; Progress notes ; Re-evaluation ; The discharge/discontinuation report ; Specific occupational therapy evaluation formats and checklists ; Specific safety checklists ; Resources concerned with evaluations and assessments -- 13. Specific intervention programs and modalities : Cognitive programming in dementia ; Cognitive programs and modalities useful with brain trauma and neurological disorders -- 14. Mental health and the older adult : Depression ; Therapeutic group programs for the chronically ill ; Socially oriented programs ; The life review and reminiscence ; Developmentally delayed older adults -- 15. Physical disabilities and occupational therapy intervention approaches : Visual dysfunction and intervention for older adults ; Perception and perceptual motor dysfunction ; Praxis and apraxia ; Cerebrovascular accident and occupational therapy intervention approaches ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and occupational therapy intervention ; Cardiac rehabilitation in late life ; Intervention for Parkinson's disease ; Cancer and occupational therapy intervention ; Diabetes mellitus type 2 and occupational therapy intervention ; Osteoarthritis and occupational therapy intervention -- 16. Falls, fear of falling, and fall prevention : Description ; Causes of falls ; Occupational therapy intervention regarding fall prevention in the community ; Safety assessment tools ; Environmental safety concerns ; Occupational therapy and orthopedic management -- 17. Seating, positioning, and wheeled mobility intervention : Problems involving seating systems ; Evaluations, assessments, and measurements in seating ; Mobility bases ; Wheelchair orientation ; Seating systems ; Problem solving involving sacral sitting/the slider ; Wheelchair transfer techniques and vehicle safety transit ; Wheelchair/vehicle safety transport -- 18. Arts and crafts as a modality and leisure skill development : Characteristics ; Task-focused activity analysis ; Intervention objectives ; Projects ; Leisure skill development ; Interest checklists and other types of assessments ; The role of occupational therapy -- 19. Home health : Description ; Evaluations ; Intervention concerns ; Home modification ; Summary -- 20. Driving and the older adult : Demographics ; The clinical assessment/evaluation ; Vehicle selection ; Van selection ; Other screening tools ; Behind-the-wheel assessment ; Recommendations to the client ; Safe driving prevention programs ; Surrendering the license ; Resources -- 21. Summary : Unit 3 references -- Case studies 5 through 12. Appendices : A. Reimbursement issues (including PPS) in the United States ; B. PACE: the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (United States) ; C. Evaluation and assessment resources in gerontic occupational therapy ; D. Associations and organizations relating to gerontology ; E. Healthy people 2010 (United States) ; F. Consciousness-raising programs to promote positive attitudes concerning the elderly ; G. Exercise components for well-being and fitness ; H. Supplies ; I. Living arrangements and the elderly ; J. Modifying and designing living arrangements ; K. Universal design ; L. Assisted living facilities and occupational therapy ; M. Ways in which color contrast can be achieved ; N. Rethinking preretirement planning and the role of occupational therapy ; O. Looking beyond traditional intervention in cardiovascular accidents ; P. An emerging opportunity: life care management and occupational therapy ; Q. Client-centered practice ; R. OT/OTA roles and relationships ; S. Evidence-based practice ; T. The occupational therapy practice framework: domain and process: a summary.