"The Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles, were divided over Removal. Adjacent to Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas, the mixed blood English speakers sided with the Confederacy and the full bloods with the Union. Stand Watie led the mixed blood Cherokees. John Ross led the full blood Cherokees. The result was a civil war within the Civil War. Federal Reconstruction treaties forced the Indians to allow railroads and to sell their western lands"-- Provided by publisher.