The First World War soldier has often been depicted as a helpless victim sacrificed by a ruthless society in the trenches of the Western Front. In fact, Libby Murphy reveals, French soldiers drew upon a long-standing European tradition to imagine themselves not as heroes or victims but as survivors. Murphy investigates how infantrymen and civilians attempted to make sense of the war while it was still in progress by reviving the picaresque, a literary mode in which unheroic protagonists are forced to fend for themselves in a chaotic and hostile world. By examining works by French and European novelists, journalists, graphic artists, cultural critics, and filmmakers--including Charlie Chaplin--Libby Murphy shows how the rich tradition of the European picaresque was uniquely appropriate for expressing anxieties provoked by modern, industrialized warfare.

A literary war : irony, tragedy, and the return of the picaresque -- Tactics of the foot soldier : the arts and antics of Le Système D -- Georges de la Fouchardière : oppositional journalism, involuntary heroism, and Bourrage de crâne -- The comedy of independence : the "man on the street" goes off to war -- Animal instincts : lessons from a trench rat -- Phlegm meets flair : images of the infantryman in wartime Britain and France -- Le Cafard : brutalization, alienation, and despair -- Charlie Chaplin's little tramp : from the art of survival to the survival of art.