The early peoples of Italy. The geography of Italy ; Prehistoric civilization in Italy ; The Etruscans and the Greeks in Italy -- The primitive monarchy and the republic from prehistoric times to 27 B.C. Early Rome to the fall of the monarchy ; The expansion of Rome to the unification of the Italian peninsula : ca. 508-265 B.C. ; The growth of the commonwealth : 508-287 B.C. ; Society and religion in the early republic ; The conquest of the Mediterranean, the first phase : the struggle with Carthage : 264-201 B.C. ; The conquest of the Mediterranean, the second phase : Rome and the Greek East : 200-167 B.C. ; The new imperialism : 167-133 B.C. ; Rome, Italy, and the empire : 264-133 B.C. ; The struggle of the optimates and the populares : 133-78 B.C. ; The rise of Pompey the Great : 78-60 B.C. ; The rivalry of Pompey and Caesar and Caesar's dictatorship : 59-44 B.C. ; The passing of the republic : 44-27 B.C. -- The principate or early empire : 27 B.C.-285 A.D. The establishment of the principate : 27 B.C.-14 A.D. ; the principate under the Judio-Claudians and Flavians : 14-96 A.D. ; The Roman peace and the militarization of the government : 96-235 A.D. ; The public administration under the principate ; Social, intellectual, and religious life under the principate ; Disintegration and recovery : 235-285 A.D. -- The autocracy or late empire : 285-565 A.D. The empire stands united : 285-395 A.D. ; The public administration under the autocracy ; The Germanic occupation of Italy and the western provinces : 395-493 A.D. ; The age of Justinian : 518-565 A.D. ; Religion, literature and art in the late empire.